Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong, China.
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
J Ren Nutr. 2022 Mar;32(2):224-233. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.03.003. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Protein-energy wasting is highly prevalent in people with end-stage kidney disease receiving regular hemodialysis. Currently, it is unclear what the optimal nutritional recommendations are, which is further complicated by differences in dietary patterns between countries. The aim of the study was to understand and compare dietary intake between individuals receiving hemodialysis in Leicester, UK and Nantong, China.
The study assessed 40 UK and 44 Chinese participants' dietary intake over a period of 14 days using 24-hour diet recall interviews. Nutritional blood parameters were obtained from medical records. Food consumed by participants in the UK and China was analyzed using the Nutritics and Nutrition calculator to quantify nutritional intake.
Energy and protein intake were comparable between UK and Chinese participants, but with both below the recommended daily intake. Potassium intake was higher in UK participants compared to Chinese participants (2,115 [888] versus 1,159 [861] mg/d; P < .001), as was calcium (618 [257] versus 360 [312] mg/d; P < .001) and phosphate intake (927 [485] versus 697 [434] mg/d; P = .007). Vitamin C intake was lower in UK participants compared to their Chinese counterparts (39 [51] versus 64 [42] mg/d; P = .024). Data are reported here as median (interquartile range).
Both UK and Chinese hemodialysis participants have insufficient protein and energy in their diet. New strategies are required to increase protein and energy intakes. All participants had inadequate daily intake of vitamins C and D; there may well be a role in the oral supplementation of these vitamins, and further studies are urgently needed.
在接受常规血液透析的终末期肾病患者中，蛋白质-能量消耗非常普遍。目前，尚不清楚最佳的营养建议是什么，而国家之间的饮食模式差异使情况更加复杂。本研究旨在了解并比较英国莱斯特和中国南通接受血液透析患者的饮食摄入情况。
该研究通过 14 天的 24 小时饮食回忆访谈，评估了 40 名英国和 44 名中国参与者的饮食摄入情况。从病历中获取营养血液参数。使用 Nutritics 和 Nutrition Calculator 分析英国和中国参与者所消耗的食物，以量化营养摄入量。
英国和中国参与者的能量和蛋白质摄入量相当，但均低于推荐的每日摄入量。与中国参与者相比，英国参与者的钾摄入量较高（2115[888]与 1159[861]mg/d；P<.001），钙摄入量也较高（618[257]与 360[312]mg/d；P<.001），磷酸盐摄入量较高（927[485]与 697[434]mg/d；P=.007）。与中国参与者相比，英国参与者的维生素 C 摄入量较低（39[51]与 64[42]mg/d；P=.024）。此处报告的数据为中位数（四分位距）。
英国和中国血液透析患者的饮食中均存在蛋白质和能量摄入不足的问题。需要采取新的策略来增加蛋白质和能量的摄入。所有参与者的维生素 C 和 D 日常摄入量均不足；口服补充这些维生素可能有一定作用，急需进一步研究。
