北欧腘绳肌训练对短跑表现和离心性膝关节屈肌力量的影响：团队运动运动员干预研究的系统评价和荟萃分析。
The effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise on sprint performance and eccentric knee flexor strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies among team sport players.
机构信息
Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Valencia, Spain.
Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Valencia, Spain.
出版信息
J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Sep;24(9):931-938. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.03.009. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
OBJECTIVES
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NH) on sprint performance (i.e., 5, 10 and 20m) and explore associations between study characteristics and sprint outcomes in team sport players. Secondary aims were to (1) investigate the effects of the NH on eccentric strength of the knee flexors (ES) with categorical subgroup analysis to determine differences between recreationally, well-trained individuals and young athletes, (2) determine the relation between ES and sprint performance in team sport players, and (3) explore the effect of study characteristics (i.e., weekly volume, time duration and body mass) on ES.
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched until the 20th of June 2020. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine the mean difference (MD) or standardized change of mean difference (SCMD) between NH and control group for sprint time and ES, respectively.
RESULTS
NH interventions showed a positive effect on sprint performance (-0.04s [-0.08, -0.01]). Sub-group meta-analyses indicated no significant differences in 5 and 20m sprint performance (MD=-0.02s [-0.10, 0.06]) and (MD =-0.05s [-0.30, 0.19]), respectively. A significant difference was however found for 10m sprint performance (MD=-0.06s [-0.10, -0.01]). Meta-analysis on the effects of the NH on ES showed a significant benefit of 0.83 SCMD [0.55, 1.12] in favour of the intervention group.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias show that training programs involving the NH can have small beneficial effects on sprint performance in team sport players. Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias showed moderate beneficial effects on ES among a sample of relatively untrained individuals. However, for well-trained team sport players, the improvements in ES were less consistent, suggesting a higher training intensity during the NH may be required to induce adaptations.
目的
本研究的主要目的是探究北欧式腿弯举（NH）对短跑表现（即 5m、10m 和 20m）的影响，并探讨团队运动运动员研究特征与短跑结果之间的关联。次要目的是：（1）通过分类亚组分析，研究 NH 对膝关节屈肌离心力量（ES）的影响，并确定在休闲和训练有素的个体与年轻运动员之间的差异；（2）确定 ES 与团队运动运动员短跑表现之间的关系；（3）探究研究特征（即每周训练量、持续时间和体重）对 ES 的影响。
方法
检索电子数据库，直至 2020 年 6 月 20 日。符合纳入标准的 17 项研究被纳入。采用随机效应荟萃分析，分别确定 NH 组和对照组在短跑时间和 ES 方面的平均差异（MD）或标准化均值差变化（SCMD）。
结果
NH 干预对短跑表现有积极影响（-0.04s[-0.08，-0.01]）。亚组荟萃分析表明，在 5m 和 20m 短跑表现（MD=-0.02s[-0.10，0.06]）和（MD=-0.05s[-0.30，0.19]）方面，差异均无统计学意义。然而，10m 短跑表现（MD=-0.06s[-0.10，-0.01]）有显著差异。NH 对 ES 影响的荟萃分析表明，干预组的 ES 获益显著（0.83 SCMD[0.55，1.12]）。
结论
存在一些关注或高偏倚风险的研究表明，包含 NH 的训练计划可使团队运动运动员的短跑表现有较小的、有益的改善。存在一些关注或高偏倚风险的研究表明，在相对未经训练的个体样本中，NH 对 ES 有适度的有益影响。然而，对于训练有素的团队运动运动员来说，ES 的改善并不一致，这表明 NH 可能需要更高的训练强度才能引起适应性改变。
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