Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Am J Pathol. 2021 Aug;191(8):1330-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.03.014. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
Exploration of extracellular communication has been at the forefront of research efforts in recent years. However, the mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication in complex tissues are poorly understood. What is clear is that cells do not exist in isolation, that they are constantly interacting and communicating with cells in the immediate vicinity and with cells at a distance. Intercellular communication by the release of small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, loaded with RNAs is one mechanism by which cells communicate. In recent years, research has shown that exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles, can play a major role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Specifically, exosomes have been demonstrated to play a role in promoting primary cancer development, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanisms of exosome-mediated transfer of RNAs among cells in the breast microenvironment and discusses outstanding questions and the potential for new therapeutic intervention targeted at these interactions.
近年来，细胞外通讯的探索一直是研究的重点。然而，复杂组织中细胞间通讯的机制还知之甚少。可以肯定的是，细胞不是孤立存在的，它们一直在与周围的细胞以及远处的细胞相互作用和通讯。细胞间通过释放小的细胞外囊泡（称为外泌体）进行通讯，这些囊泡装载着 RNA。近年来的研究表明，外泌体作为一类细胞外囊泡，可以在乳腺癌的发病机制中发挥重要作用。具体来说，已经证明外泌体在促进原发性癌症发展、侵袭、转移和化疗耐药性方面发挥作用。本综述总结了已知的在乳腺微环境中细胞间外泌体介导的 RNA 转移机制，并讨论了悬而未决的问题和针对这些相互作用的新治疗干预的潜力。
