South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Gauteng Veterinary Services, Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD), Johannesburg, South Africa.
Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Oct;110 Suppl 1:S44-S49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.003. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
Since 2012, outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs have increased outside of South Africa's ASF control zone. This study describes the epidemiological investigation and findings of an ASF outbreak in a small-scale pig unit in Gauteng Province and makes recommendations to prevent future outbreaks.
PCR testing and molecular analysis were performed on pig tissue samples. Veterinary services conducted epidemiological investigations, forward and backward tracing, and surveillance. Farm management and biosecurity practices were assessed. Quarantine, culling, carcass disposal, and disinfection were implemented.
ASF virus genotype I was detected. A concurrent ASF outbreak in neighbouring Mpumalanga Province was identified as a possible source. Inadequate biosecurity measures probably facilitated viral transmission. Potential mechanisms for the introduction of the ASF virus include swill feeding practices, free roaming of pigs, scavenging, illegal slaughter, and trade of pig products within the community.
Molecular typing of the ASF virus linked the outbreak to an ongoing ASF outbreak in Mpumalanga Province. Pig enterprises with poor biosecurity practices may face greater risk of ASF introduction. Small-scale pig keepers should be targeted for ASF awareness and education campaigns. Innovative and cost-effective biosecurity solutions are needed in this resource-poor setting.
自 2012 年以来，南非以外地区的家猪爆发非洲猪瘟（ASF）的情况有所增加。本研究描述了在豪登省一个小型养猪场爆发 ASF 的流行病学调查和结果，并提出了预防未来爆发的建议。
对猪组织样本进行 PCR 检测和分子分析。兽医服务部门开展了流行病学调查、追溯和监测工作。对农场管理和生物安全措施进行了评估。实施了隔离、扑杀、尸体处理和消毒措施。
检测到 ASF 病毒基因型 I。确定邻近的姆普马兰加省同时爆发的 ASF 疫情可能是此次疫情的传染源。生物安全措施不足可能促进了病毒的传播。ASF 病毒引入的潜在机制包括泔水喂养、猪自由放养、觅食、非法屠宰以及社区内猪产品的贸易。
ASF 病毒的分子分型将此次疫情与姆普马兰加省持续爆发的 ASF 疫情联系起来。生物安全措施较差的养猪企业可能面临更大的 ASF 传入风险。应针对小规模养猪户开展 ASF 意识和教育活动。在资源匮乏的情况下，需要创新和具有成本效益的生物安全解决方案。
