Laboratory of Biometeorology and Environmental Biophysics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(24):30471-30485. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14077-0. Epub 2021 Apr 25.
Heat stress is one of the main obstacles to achieving efficient cattle production systems, and it may have numerous adverse effects on cattle. As the planet undergoes climatic changes, which is predicted to raise the earth's average temperature by 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052, its impact may trigger several stressful factors for livestock. Among these, an increase in core body temperature would trigger physiological imbalance, consequently affecting reproduction, animal health, and dry matter intake adversely. Core body temperature increase is commonly observed and poses challenges to livestock farmers. In cattle farming, thermal stress severely affects milk production and weight gain, and can compromise food security in the coming years. This review presents an updated approach to the physiological and thermoregulatory responses of cattle under various environmental conditions. Strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress on livestock are suggested as viable alternatives for the betterment of production systems.
热应激是实现高效牛生产系统的主要障碍之一，它可能对牛产生许多不利影响。随着地球经历气候变化，预计在 2030 年至 2052 年期间地球平均温度将升高 1.5°C，其影响可能会给牲畜带来几个应激因素。其中，核心体温升高会引发生理失衡，从而对繁殖、动物健康和干物质摄入产生不利影响。核心体温升高是常见的现象，对畜牧业者来说是个挑战。在奶牛养殖中，热应激严重影响牛奶产量和体重增加，并可能在未来几年危及粮食安全。本综述介绍了在不同环境条件下牛的生理和体温调节反应的最新方法。提出了减轻热应激对牲畜的有害影响的策略，作为改善生产系统的可行选择。
