Brcko Carolina Carvalho, Silva Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da, Garcia Alexandre Rossetto, Silva André Guimarães Maciel E, Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro, Vilela Reíssa Alves, Nahúm Benjamim de Souza, Barbosa Antônio Vinícius Corrêa, Silva Welligton Conceição da, Rodrigues Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho, Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da, Lourenço-Júnior José de Brito
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil.
Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 22;14(1):53. doi: 10.3390/ani14010053.
In ruminants, diet composition has a positive correlation with heat production, which can influence thermoregulation, energy expenditure and, consequently, animal performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and supplementation based on palm kernel cake, on the thermoregulation of crossbred buffaloes in the eastern Amazon. The research was carried out at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (01°26' S and 48°24' W), Belém, Pará, and lasted 12 months (representing the entire year). Twenty-four buffaloes, females, with initial age and an average weight of 54 ± 7 months and 503.1 ± 23 kg, respectively, non-pregnant, non-lactating and clinically healthy were used, divided into four treatments based on the supplementation content of the palm cake (%DM) in relation to their body weight (%): 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0. The animals were kept in paddocks with (cv. Marandu), in a rotating system, with water to drink and mineral salt ad libitum. Equipment was installed to record environmental data (temperature and relative humidity, dew point temperature, wet bulb and black globe) and physiological data: rectal temperature (RT); respiratory rate (RR); and body surface temperature (BST), recorded twice a day, always in the morning (6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.) and afternoon (12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m.) shifts, and were used to calculate the Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (GTHI). Supplementation did not influence the physiological variables of thermoregulation ( > 0.05). However, there were differences in the GTHI between the shifts, with higher means in the afternoon shift, especially in the less rainy period of the year, where the GTHI reached 92.06 ± 2.74 ( < 0.05). In all periods of the year, the mean values of RT, RR and BST were higher in the afternoon shift ( > 0.05). The respiratory rate (RR) is associated with the annual seasonality of the thermal waters, with higher averages in the afternoons of the rainy season. The positive correlation for rectal temperature, respiratory rate and body surface temperature indicated that buffaloes respond to thermal elevations in the atmosphere (afternoon period) and, consequently, reflect on the GTHI. Supplementation does not influence thermoregulation; the changes observed occurred in response to the region's thermal and rainfall conditions (mainly in the afternoon shift), with higher GTHI values.
在反刍动物中，日粮组成与产热呈正相关，这会影响体温调节、能量消耗，进而影响动物的生产性能。本研究的目的是评估气候条件以及基于棕榈仁粕的补充剂对亚马逊东部杂交水牛体温调节的影响。研究在位于帕拉州贝伦的巴西农牧业研究公司东方亚马逊地区研究中心（南纬01°26′，西经48°24′）进行，为期12个月（代表一整年）。选用了24头非妊娠、非泌乳且临床健康的雌性水牛，初始年龄平均为54±7个月，平均体重为503.1±23千克，根据棕榈粕补充剂占体重的比例（%干物质）分为四种处理组：0%、0.25%、0.50%和1.0%。动物饲养在种植有马兰杜草的围栏中，采用轮牧系统，自由饮水和采食矿物盐。安装了设备来记录环境数据（温度、相对湿度、露点温度、湿球温度和黑球温度）和生理数据：直肠温度（RT）、呼吸频率（RR）和体表温度（BST），每天记录两次，均在上午（上午6:00至7:00）和下午（中午12:00至下午1:00）班次进行，并用于计算黑球温度湿度指数（GTHI）。补充剂对体温调节的生理变量没有影响（P＞0.05）。然而，不同班次的GTHI存在差异，下午班次的平均值更高，尤其是在一年中降雨较少的时期，此时GTHI达到92.06±2.74（P＜0.05）。在一年的所有时期，下午班次的RT、RR和BST平均值均较高（P＞0.05）。呼吸频率（RR）与热水的年度季节性相关，雨季下午的平均值更高。直肠温度、呼吸频率和体表温度之间的正相关表明，水牛对大气中的温度升高（下午时段）有反应，进而反映在GTHI上。补充剂不影响体温调节；观察到的变化是对该地区的温度和降雨条件（主要在下午班次）的反应，GTHI值更高。
