美国残疾成年人在 2020 年春季为预防 COVID-19 而进行的自我报告的洗手和表面消毒行为。
Self-reported handwashing and surface disinfection behaviors by U.S. adults with disabilities to prevent COVID-19, Spring 2020.
机构信息
COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, USA.
COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
Disabil Health J. 2021 Jul;14(3):101096. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101096. Epub 2021 Apr 4.
BACKGROUND
Handwashing and surface cleaning and disinfection are two hygiene behaviors promoted to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Persons with disabilities may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to underlying medical conditions that have been associated with COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to describe self-reported hygiene behaviors among U.S. adults with disabilities to prevent transmission of COVID-19.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the March 2020 Porter Novelli ConsumerStyles survey. This study includes 6463 U.S. adults (≥18 years) who participated in the survey (58.2% response rate). Participants were asked about frequent handwashing and surface disinfection. Participants were also asked six questions to assess disability status and disability type. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated; chi-square tests were conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 1295 (20.3%) of survey participants reported at least one disability and their hygiene-related behavior. Overall, 91.3% of respondents with disabilities reported frequent handwashing; only 72% reported frequent surface disinfection. Those with hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, and independent living disabilities (range: 77.9%-90.6%) were significantly less likely than those without any disability (94.0%) to report frequent handwashing. People with vision (62.2%) and independent living (66.8%) disabilities were less likely to report frequent surface disinfection than those without any disability (74.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
Practices such as handwashing and disinfecting surfaces are effective for reducing and preventing the spread of COVID-19. Promotion of hygiene-related practices among people with disabilities is essential. Tailored communications and implementation of evidence-based strategies are needed to address hygiene-related behaviors among the subgroups of people with disabilities most affected.
背景
洗手和表面清洁与消毒是预防 COVID-19 传播的两种卫生行为。由于某些基础疾病与 COVID-19 相关，残疾人患 COVID-19 重症的风险可能增加。
目的
本研究旨在描述美国残疾成年人为预防 COVID-19 传播而报告的卫生行为。
方法
数据来自 2020 年 3 月的波特诺埃利消费者风尚调查。本研究包括 6463 名美国成年人（≥18 岁），他们参与了这项调查（回应率为 58.2%）。参与者被问及频繁洗手和表面消毒情况。参与者还被问到六个问题，以评估残疾状况和残疾类型。计算了患病率估计值和 95%置信区间；进行了卡方检验。
结果
共有 1295 名（20.3%）调查参与者报告了至少一种残疾及其与卫生相关的行为。总体而言，91.3%的残疾受访者报告频繁洗手；只有 72%的人报告频繁表面消毒。有听力、视力、认知、行动能力、自我护理和独立生活障碍（范围：77.9%-90.6%）的受访者报告频繁洗手的可能性明显低于无任何残疾（94.0%）的受访者。有视力（62.2%）和独立生活（66.8%）障碍的人报告频繁表面消毒的可能性低于无任何残疾的人（74.6%）。
结论
洗手和消毒表面等做法可有效减少和预防 COVID-19 的传播。促进残疾人的卫生相关行为至关重要。需要制定有针对性的宣传和实施循证策略，以解决受影响最大的残疾人群体的卫生相关行为问题。
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