Milando Chad W, Batterman Stuart A
Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA.
Atmos Environ (1994). 2018 Jun;182:213-224. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.030.
Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) remains a key public health issue, and improved exposure measures are needed to support health impact and epidemiologic studies and inform regulatory responses. The recently developed Research LINE source model (RLINE), a Gaussian line source dispersion model, has been used in several epidemiologic studies of TRAP exposure, but evaluations of RLINE's performance in such applications have been limited. This study provides an operational evaluation of RLINE in which predictions of NO, CO and PM are compared to observations at air quality monitoring stations located near high traffic roads in Detroit, MI. For CO and NO, model performance was best at sites close to major roads, during downwind conditions, during weekdays, and during certain seasons. For PM, the ability to discern local and particularly the traffic-related portion was limited, a result of high background levels, the sparseness of the monitoring network, and large uncertainties for certain processes (e.g., formation of secondary aerosols) and non-mobile sources (e.g., area, fugitive). Overall, RLINE's performance in near-road environments suggests its usefulness for estimating spatially- and temporally-resolved exposures. The study highlights considerations relevant to health impact and epidemiologic applications, including the importance of selecting appropriate pollutants, using appropriate monitoring approaches, considering prevailing wind directions during study design, and accounting for uncertainty.
暴露于交通相关空气污染物（TRAP）仍然是一个关键的公共卫生问题，需要改进暴露测量方法以支持健康影响和流行病学研究，并为监管应对提供依据。最近开发的研究线源模型（RLINE）是一种高斯线源扩散模型，已用于多项TRAP暴露的流行病学研究，但对RLINE在此类应用中的性能评估有限。本研究对RLINE进行了操作评估，将NO、CO和PM的预测结果与密歇根州底特律市交通繁忙道路附近空气质量监测站的观测数据进行了比较。对于CO和NO，模型在靠近主要道路的站点、顺风条件下、工作日以及特定季节的性能最佳。对于PM，识别本地尤其是与交通相关部分的能力有限，这是由于背景水平高、监测网络稀疏以及某些过程（如二次气溶胶的形成）和非移动源（如面源、逸散源）的不确定性较大所致。总体而言，RLINE在近道路环境中的性能表明其在估计时空分辨暴露方面的有用性。该研究强调了与健康影响和流行病学应用相关的考虑因素，包括选择合适污染物的重要性、使用适当的监测方法、在研究设计中考虑盛行风向以及考虑不确定性。
