Nobari Hadi, Fani Maryam, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Carlos-Vivas Jorge, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Ardigò Luca Paolo
Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 9;12:671072. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671072. eCollection 2021.
This study describes the weekly variations of well-being ratings relative to fatigue (wFatigue), stress (wStress), delayed-onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), sleep quality (wSleep), and Hooper questionnaire (wHQ) throughout the season. In addition, the well-being variables for the playing position in different moments of the season were discussed. Twenty-one elite young soccer players U17 took part in this study. From the beginning of the pre-season, well-being status was monitored daily by the HQ method throughout 36 weeks, including four periods: (1) pre-season, (2) early-season, (3) mid-season, and (4) end-season. Players trained at least 3 times per week throughout the season. The main outcome was that, in weeks 33 and 28, the highest [wFatigue: 15.85 ± 3.38 arbitrary units (AU); wHQ: 48.86 ± 9.23 AU] and the lowest (wFatigue: 5.38 ± 1.88 AU; wHQ: 20.43 ± 5.49 AU) wFatigue and wHQ occurred, respectively, although the lowest level of wDOMS happened in week 28 (4.86 ± 2.15 AU), while the highest wDOMS was observed in week 5 (14.65 ± 4.16 AU). The highest wSleep (13.00 ± 2.12 AU) and wStress (11.65 ± 2.92 AU) were observed in weeks 8 and 34, respectively, while the lowest wSleep (5.81 ± 2.29 AU) and wStress (3.76 ± 0.94 AU) were marked in week 29 coincidentally. In the HQ between every weekday, except recovery day, and the day of the match (MD), considerable highest HQ was only revealed in 2 days after MD in contrast to overall team comparison. In the present study, we observed that the well-being changes between different phases of the season as well as between weeks and days of the week with the MD are significant. These results provide a great point of view for coaches and practitioners about well-being variations over a season in elite youth soccer level. As a result, coaches will be more aware about non-functional overreaching and taking measures to prevent it.
本研究描述了整个赛季中，与疲劳（wFatigue）、压力（wStress）、延迟性肌肉酸痛（wDOMS）、睡眠质量（wSleep）以及霍珀问卷（wHQ）相关的幸福感评分的每周变化情况。此外，还讨论了赛季不同阶段不同比赛位置的幸福感变量。21名17岁以下的精英青年足球运动员参与了本研究。从季前赛开始，通过霍珀问卷法在36周内每天监测球员的幸福感状况，包括四个阶段：（1）季前赛，（2）赛季初期，（3）赛季中期，（4）赛季末期。整个赛季球员每周至少训练3次。主要结果是，在第33周和第28周，分别出现了最高的[wFatigue：15.85±3.38任意单位（AU）；wHQ：48.86±9.23 AU]和最低的（wFatigue：5.38±1.88 AU；wHQ：20.43±5.49 AU）wFatigue和wHQ，尽管最低水平的wDOMS出现在第28周（4.86±2.15 AU），而最高的wDOMS出现在第5周（14.65±4.16 AU）。最高的wSleep（13.00±2.12 AU）和wStress（11.65±2.92 AU）分别出现在第8周和第34周，而最低的wSleep（5.81±2.29 AU）和wStress（3.76±0.94 AU）巧合地出现在第29周。在每个工作日（休息日除外）与比赛日（MD）之间的霍珀问卷中，与整个球队相比，只有在比赛日后的2天显示出相当高的霍珀问卷得分。在本研究中，我们观察到赛季不同阶段以及与比赛日相关的周与日之间的幸福感变化是显著的。这些结果为教练和从业者提供了关于精英青年足球水平赛季中幸福感变化的重要视角。因此，教练将更清楚非功能性过度训练并采取措施预防。
