大数据带来的伦理挑战。
Ethical Challenges Posed by Big Data.
作者信息
Howe Iii Edmund G, Elenberg Falicia
机构信息
Dr. Howe is a Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine, Director of Medical School Programs in Ethics, and Senior Scientist at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.
出版信息
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2020 Oct 1;17(10-12):24-30. eCollection 2020 Oct-Dec.
Big Data is a term that refers to tremendously large data sets intended for computational analysis that can be used to advance research through revealing trends and associations. Innovative research that leverages Big Data can dramatically advance the fields of medicine and public health but can also raise new ethical challenges. This paper explores these challenges, and how they might be addressed such that individuals are optimally protected. Key ethical concerns raised by Big Data research include respecting patient's autonomy via provision of adequate consent, ensuring equity, and respecting participants' privacy. Examples of actions that could be taken to address these key concerns on a broader regulatory level, as well as on a case specific level, are presented. Big Data research offers enormous potential, but due to its widespread influence, it also introduces the potential for extensive harm. It is imperative to consider and account for the risks associated with this research.
大数据是一个术语，指的是用于计算分析的极大数据集，这些数据集可通过揭示趋势和关联来推动研究。利用大数据的创新性研究能够极大地推动医学和公共卫生领域的发展，但也会带来新的伦理挑战。本文探讨了这些挑战，以及如何应对这些挑战以实现对个人的最佳保护。大数据研究引发的关键伦理问题包括通过提供充分的知情同意来尊重患者的自主权、确保公平以及尊重参与者的隐私。文中还列举了在更广泛的监管层面以及具体案例层面为应对这些关键问题可采取的行动示例。大数据研究具有巨大潜力，但由于其广泛影响，也带来了造成广泛危害的可能性。必须考虑并权衡与该研究相关的风险。
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