Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil.
Open Vet J. 2021 Jan-Mar;11(1):1-5. doi: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.1. Epub 2021 Jan 3.
Primary neoplasms of the nasal cavity and sinuses are uncommon in domestic animals, most of which are of epithelial origin, being adenocarcinoma the most common tumor diagnosed in this region. Some malignant nasal cavity neoplasms may invade the brain causing clinical neurological signs, as well as purulent nasal secretion and epistaxis.
A case of neoplasm is reported in a 14-year-old pincher presenting dyspnea, epistaxis, and neurological alterations. Necropsy revealed the presence of a mass in the oral cavity vestibule, and another in the whole nasal cavity with invasion of the cribiform plate, meninges and brain. Squamous cells carcinoma was diagnosed in the oral cavity and transitional carcinoma in the nasal cavity. The immunohistochemistry confirmed that the brain infiltration was of the same origin as the nasal cavity neoplasm.
The present report describes a rare case of transitional carcinoma of the nasal cavity as well as the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses with brain invasion, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. It is extremely important for veterinarians to include neoplasms in their differential diagnoses, when these animals show chronic respiratory signs and neurological alterations that do not improve with appropriate treatment, always associating with complementary exams, for correct diagnosis establishment and prognosis formulation.
鼻腔和鼻窦的原发性肿瘤在宠物中较为少见，大多数起源于上皮组织，其中在该区域诊断出的最常见肿瘤是腺癌。一些恶性鼻腔肿瘤可能会侵犯大脑，导致临床神经症状，以及脓性鼻腔分泌物和鼻出血。
报道了一例 14 岁拳师犬出现呼吸困难、鼻出血和神经改变的病例。尸检显示口腔前庭有一个肿块，整个鼻腔有另一个肿块，侵犯了筛板、脑膜和大脑。口腔诊断为鳞状细胞癌，鼻腔诊断为移行细胞癌。免疫组织化学证实大脑浸润与鼻腔肿瘤同源。
本报告描述了一例罕见的鼻腔、额窦和筛窦移行细胞癌伴脑浸润的病例，通过免疫组织化学得到证实。对于兽医来说，当这些动物出现慢性呼吸道症状和神经改变，且经过适当的治疗后没有改善时，将肿瘤纳入鉴别诊断非常重要，同时还需要结合其他补充检查，以做出正确的诊断和制定预后。
