Confer A W, DePaoli A
Vet Pathol. 1978 Jan;15(1):18-30. doi: 10.1177/030098587801500103.
Sixteen cases of primary neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in the dog were reviewed from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). The mean age of affected dogs was 9.5 years. The presenting clinical signs were epistaxis, nasal discharge or facial swelling. Eleven of the affected dogs were purebred. Three of these were Collies and two German Shepherds. The nasal cavity was involved most often. All neoplasms were malignant (11 carcinomas and five sarcomas), and there was invasion of the adjacent bony structures in most dogs. Tumors were classified according to prominent cell type and degree of differentiation into respiratory epithelial carcinoma (four), adenocarcinoma (one), squamous cell carcinoma (one), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (two), undifferentiated carcinoma (three), chondrosarcoma (three) and undifferentiated sarcoma (two).
从武装部队病理研究所（AFIP）的档案中回顾了16例犬鼻腔、鼻窦和鼻咽原发性肿瘤病例。患病犬的平均年龄为9.5岁。主要临床症状为鼻出血、鼻分泌物或面部肿胀。11只患病犬为纯种犬。其中3只为柯利牧羊犬，2只为德国牧羊犬。鼻腔受累最为常见。所有肿瘤均为恶性（11例癌和5例肉瘤），大多数犬的肿瘤侵犯了相邻的骨质结构。根据突出的细胞类型和分化程度，肿瘤分为呼吸上皮癌（4例）、腺癌（1例）、鳞状细胞癌（1例）、黏液表皮样癌（2例）、未分化癌（3例）、软骨肉瘤（3例）和未分化肉瘤（2例）。
