Hamdani Gilad, Dagan Amit
The Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Harefuah. 2021 Apr;160(4):260-265.
The prevalence of pediatric primary hypertension (HTN) has increased in the past few decades, most probably related to the increased prevalence of overweight/obesity in this population. According to various estimates 3.5-5% of children and adolescents have HTN. Children and especially adolescents with HTN are at an increased risk for HTN in early adulthood, and for early subclinical cardiovascular morbidity. Therefore, screening for and treatment of pediatric HTN is highly recommended, especially in high risk populations, such as overweight children. In the past few years, new guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of pediatric HTN were published by both the European Society of Hypertension and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The following review will discuss central aspects of the epidemiology, risk factors, definitions, and initial clinical approach of primary HTN in children and adolescents.
在过去几十年中，小儿原发性高血压（HTN）的患病率有所上升，这很可能与该人群中超重/肥胖患病率的增加有关。根据各种估计，3.5%至5%的儿童和青少年患有高血压。患有高血压的儿童，尤其是青少年，在成年早期患高血压以及早期亚临床心血管疾病的风险会增加。因此，强烈建议对小儿高血压进行筛查和治疗，特别是在高危人群中，如超重儿童。在过去几年里，欧洲高血压学会和美国儿科学会都发布了小儿高血压诊断、评估和治疗的新指南。以下综述将讨论儿童和青少年原发性高血压的流行病学、危险因素、定义以及初始临床方法的核心方面。
