Department of child and adolescent health, School of public health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 East Sea Avenue, Bengbu Anhui, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, PR China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 9;23(1):1516. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16331-1.
Physical activity and eating behavior are associated with hypertension in children and adolescents. Revealing the associations between physical activity patterns, eating behavior patterns and high blood pressure (HBP) could help improve the problem of hypertension from the actual children's physical activities and eating behaviors.
A total of 687 students aged 8-15 years were selected from two nine-year primary and secondary schools using stratified cluster random sampling method. The students' body height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured, and their physical activity time and eating behaviors were surveyed by using CLASS questionnaire and self-made eating behavior questionnaire, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract moderate to vigorous physical activity factor (MVPAF), sedentary activity factor (SAF), healthy eating behavior factor (HEBF), unhealthy eating behavior factor (UHEBF). MVPAF ≥ SAF was defined as moderate to vigorous physical activity pattern (MVPAP), MVPAF < SAF was defined as sedentary activity pattern (SAP). HEBF ≥ UHEBF was defined as healthy eating behavior pattern (HEBP), while the opposite was defined as unhealthy eating behavior pattern (UHEBP). Lifestyles includes physical activity patterns and eating behavior patterns.
The overall prevalence of hypertension was 5.8% (40/687), and was 5.69% (21/369) in boys and 5.97% (19/318) in girls, respectively. The MVPAF and UHEBF in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P < 0.01), while the SAF in girls was significantly higher than that in boys (P < 0.05). The SAF was positively correlated with SBP in girls (β(SE) = 0.14 (0.50), P = 0.016), and was positively correlated with SBP (β(SE) = 0.21 (1.22), P = 0.000 and DBP (β(SE) = 0.14 (0.49), P = 0.006) in boys. The MVPAF was negatively correlated with DBP (β(SE)=-0.11 (0.40), P = 0.022) in boys. In boys, the SAP increased the risks of HBP (OR (95% CI):3.34 (1.30-8.63)) and high DBP (OR (95% CI):3.08 (1.02-9.34)) compared with MVPAP.
Compared with the boys with MVPAP, boys with SAP may increase the risks of HBP and high DBP. The SAF may be positively associated with SBP in boys and girls, while the MVPAF may be negatively associated with DBP in boys.
身体活动和饮食习惯与儿童和青少年的高血压有关。揭示身体活动模式、饮食习惯与高血压之间的关系，可以帮助从实际的儿童身体活动和饮食习惯入手，改善高血压问题。
采用分层整群随机抽样方法，从两所九年制中小学中抽取 687 名 8-15 岁学生。测量学生的身高、体重、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP），采用 CLASS 问卷和自制饮食行为问卷分别调查学生的身体活动时间和饮食行为。采用探索性因子分析（EFA）提取中高强度体力活动因子（MVPAF）、久坐活动因子（SAF）、健康饮食行为因子（HEBF）、不健康饮食行为因子（UHEBF）。MVPAF≥SAF 定义为中高强度体力活动模式（MVPAP），MVPAF<SAF 定义为久坐活动模式（SAP）。HEBF≥UHEBF 定义为健康饮食行为模式（HEBP），反之则定义为不健康饮食行为模式（UHEBP）。生活方式包括身体活动模式和饮食行为模式。
高血压总患病率为 5.8%（40/687），男生为 5.69%（21/369），女生为 5.97%（19/318）。男生的 MVPAF 和 UHEBF 明显高于女生（P<0.01），而女生的 SAF 明显高于男生（P<0.05）。女生的 SAF 与 SBP 呈正相关（β（SE）=0.14（0.50），P=0.016），与 SBP（β（SE）=0.21（1.22），P=0.000）和 DBP（β（SE）=0.14（0.49），P=0.006）呈正相关在男生中。男生的 MVPAF 与 DBP 呈负相关（β（SE）=-0.11（0.40），P=0.022）。在男生中，与 MVPAP 相比，SAP 会增加 HBP（OR（95%CI）：3.34（1.30-8.63））和高 DBP（OR（95%CI）：3.08（1.02-9.34））的患病风险。
与具有 MVPAP 的男生相比，具有 SAP 的男生可能会增加 HBP 和高 DBP 的患病风险。SAF 可能与男生和女生的 SBP 呈正相关，而 MVPAF 可能与男生的 DBP 呈负相关。
