Khabriev R U, Cherkasov S N, Grigoriev G Yu, Fedyaeva A V
N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 105064, Moscow, Russia.
N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 105064, Moscow, Russia,
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):227-231. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-227-231.
The attitude to high physical loads on organism in the middle and older age groups is ambiguous, from optimistic to completely pessimistic, associated with possibility of development pathological processes because of high physical activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate health status of people aged 40 years and older involved in sports. The health data was obtained through interviewing athletes aged 40 years and older competing in track and field events at distances of 10 kilometers or more. In total, 1800 questionnaires were distributed, and 1649 completed questionnaires were returned. The analysis of health status was implemented on the basis of self-rated health and objective characteristics (medical care appealability, acute diseases incidence, chronic diseases availability, fact of medication intake). The very high level of health self-rate was established in individuals involved in sports, that persisted along age increasing. No gender differences were revealed (4.00-4.07 for males and 3.89-4.08 for females). According to survey results, less than half of male respondents consulted physician during a year. The level of appealability was stable in all age groups surveyed. The average rate of acute diseases per year in athletes of older age groups did not exceed 1.16 diseases per year and was slightly higher in females. With age, the indicator tended to decrease in males and to increase in females. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was low in both males and females and with age it tended to increase in males and remained almost stable in females. The rate of regular medication intake was lower than rate of chronic diseases, this difference was especially significant in females. According to respondents, sport activities, despite heavy loads and age, contribute to organism health enhancement. This opinion was specific for more than 90% of athletes, regardless of their gender. In the oldest age group (60 years and older) 94.3% of respondents expressed reported that their health improved after starting running. However, sufficient number of athletes are concerned about potential risk of training that is the reason to organize system of medical monitoring of athletes, especially in older age groups.
中年和老年群体对机体承受高强度体力负荷的态度不一，从乐观到完全悲观，这与因高强度体力活动而引发病理过程的可能性相关。本研究的目的是评估40岁及以上参与体育运动人群的健康状况。健康数据是通过采访40岁及以上参加10公里或更长距离田径项目比赛的运动员获得的。总共发放了1800份问卷，回收了1649份完整问卷。健康状况分析是基于自我评估健康状况和客观特征（医疗求助情况、急性病发病率、慢性病患病率、用药情况）进行的。参与体育运动的人群自我健康评分很高，且随着年龄增长一直保持。未发现性别差异（男性为4.00 - 4.07，女性为3.89 - 4.08）。根据调查结果，不到一半的男性受访者在一年内咨询过医生。在所有接受调查的年龄组中，求助率稳定。老年组运动员每年急性病的平均发病率不超过每年1.16例，女性略高。随着年龄增长，男性的这一指标呈下降趋势，女性则呈上升趋势。男性和女性慢性病的患病率都较低，且随着年龄增长，男性患病率呈上升趋势，女性患病率几乎保持稳定。定期用药率低于慢性病患病率，这一差异在女性中尤为显著。据受访者称，尽管负荷重且年龄大，但体育活动有助于增强机体健康。超过90%的运动员，无论性别，都持这种观点。在最年长的年龄组（60岁及以上）中，94.3%的受访者表示开始跑步后健康状况有所改善。然而，有相当数量的运动员担心训练的潜在风险，这就是要建立运动员医疗监测系统的原因，尤其是在老年组。
