Jia Shu-Lei, Chi Zhe, Chen Lu, Liu Guang-Lei, Hu Zhong, Chi Zhen-Ming
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China.
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China.
Genomics. 2021 Jul;113(4):1962-1975. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.034. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Many genes responsible for melanin biosynthesis in fungi were physically linked together. The PKS gene clusters in most of the melanin-producing fungi were regulated by the Cmr1. It was found that a close rearrangement of the PKS gene clusters had evolved in most of the melanin-producing fungi and various functions of melanin in them were beneficial to their adaptation to the changing environments. The melanin-producing fungi had undergone at least five large-scale differentiations, making their PKS gene clusters be quickly evolved and the fungi be adapted to different harsh environments. The recent gene losses and expansion were remarkably frequent in the PKS gene clusters, leading to their rapid evolution and adaptation of their hosts to different environments. The PKS gene and the CMR1 gene in them were subject to a strong co-evolution, but the horizontal gene transfer events might have occurred in the genome-duplicated species, Aspergillus and Penicillium.
许多负责真菌黑色素生物合成的基因在物理上相互连锁。大多数产黑色素真菌中的聚酮合酶（PKS）基因簇受Cmr1调控。研究发现，大多数产黑色素真菌中PKS基因簇发生了紧密重排，其中黑色素的各种功能有利于它们适应不断变化的环境。产黑色素真菌至少经历了五次大规模分化，使其PKS基因簇快速进化，真菌也适应了不同的恶劣环境。最近，PKS基因簇中的基因丢失和扩增非常频繁，导致其快速进化以及宿主适应不同环境。其中的PKS基因和CMR1基因经历了强烈的协同进化，但在基因组复制的物种曲霉属和青霉属中可能发生了水平基因转移事件。
