Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Jul;168:112347. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112347. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
This bibliographic review provides an overview of techniques used to detect marine litter using remote sensing. The review classified studies in terms of platform (satellite, aircrafts, drones), sensors (passive or active), spectral (visible, infrared, microwaves), spatial resolution (<1 to >30 m), type and size (macroplastics, microplastics), or classification methodology (sighting, photointerpretation, supervised). Most studies applied satellite information to address marine litter using multi- and hyper- spectral optical sensors. The correspondence analysis on analyzed variables exhibited that aircrafts with high spatial resolution (<3 m) with optical sensors (λ = 400 to 2500 nm) seem to be the most optimum combination to target marine litter, while satellites carrying Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors (λ = 3.1 to 5.6 cm) may detect sea-slicks associated to surfactants that might contain high concentration of microplastics. Gaps indicate that future goals in marine litter detection should be addressed with platforms including optical and SAR sensors.
这篇文献综述概述了使用遥感技术检测海洋垃圾的各种技术。本研究根据平台（卫星、飞机、无人机）、传感器（被动或主动）、光谱（可见、红外、微波）、空间分辨率（<1 至>30 m）、类型和大小（大塑料、微塑料）或分类方法（目击、图像解译、监督）对研究进行了分类。大多数研究利用多光谱和高光谱光学传感器，利用卫星信息来解决海洋垃圾问题。对分析变量的对应分析表明，载有高空间分辨率（<3 m）光学传感器（λ=400 至 2500nm）的飞机似乎是针对海洋垃圾的最佳组合，而搭载合成孔径雷达（SAR）传感器（λ=3.1 至 5.6cm）的卫星则可以检测到与可能含有高浓度微塑料的表面活性剂有关的海油膜。研究中的空白表明，未来的海洋垃圾检测目标应通过包括光学和 SAR 传感器的平台来实现。
