Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW Sydney, Australia.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(37):3913-3923. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210426094502.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily inflammatory cardiomyopathy, are characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the myocardium. It has a relatively high risk of deteriorating heart function and has heterogeneous etiologies. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is mainly mediated by viral infections but can also be mediated by protozoa, fungal or bacterial infections. Besides that, there are a wide variety of drugs, toxic substances, and systemic immune-mediated diseases that result in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Despite broad research, inflammatory cardiomyopathy has a poor prognosis. The roles of the pathogens, host genomic counterparts and environmental triggers in the progression of disease are still under consideration, including the role of some viruses as active inducers and others as bystanders. In this review article, we review the available evidence on the types, pathogenesis and treatment of myocarditis, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis with a particular focus on virus-associated cardiac diseases.
心血管疾病（CVD）主要为炎症性心肌病，其特征是炎症细胞浸润心肌。它有较高的心脏功能恶化风险，且病因具有异质性。炎症性心肌病主要由病毒感染引起，但也可由原生动物、真菌或细菌感染引起。除此之外，还有各种各样的药物、有毒物质和全身性免疫介导的疾病，导致心血管疾病（CVD）的发生。尽管进行了广泛的研究，炎症性心肌病的预后仍较差。病原体、宿主基因组对应物和环境触发因素在疾病进展中的作用仍在考虑之中，包括一些病毒作为活性诱导剂和其他病毒作为旁观者的作用。在这篇综述文章中，我们回顾了心肌炎、炎症性心肌病和动脉粥样硬化的类型、发病机制和治疗的现有证据，特别关注与病毒相关的心脏疾病。
