Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Apr 26;21(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02212-y.
The risk of progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, increases with age, physical inactivity and poor diet. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity and nutrition in older adults participating in resistance training at Helsinki University Research [HUR] and conventional gyms for over a year, once a week, on average.
The study looked at differences between HUR (n = 3) and conventional (n = 1) gyms. Muscle strength (via handgrip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass (ALM; via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and physical performance (via gait speed over a 4-m distance, short physical performance battery, timed up and go and 400-m walk tests) were evaluated in 80 community-dwelling older adults (mean ± SD 76.5 ± 6.5 years). Pearson correlations explored associations for sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity (via Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]) and nutrition (via Australian Eating Survey).
No differences in PASE and the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) were observed between HUR and conventional gyms, however HUR gym participants had a significantly higher self-reported protein intake (108 ± 39 g vs 88 ± 27 g; p = 0.029) and a trend to have higher energy intake (9698 ± 3006 kJ vs 8266 ± 2904 kJ; p = 0.055). In both gym groups, gait speed was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (r = 0.275; p = 0.039 and r = 0.423; p = 0.044 for HUR and conventional gyms, respectively). ALM was positively associated with protein (p = 0.047, r = 0.418) and energy (p = 0.038, r = 0.435) intake in the conventional gym group. Similar associations were observed for ALM/h in the HUR group. None of the sarcopenia components were associated with ARFS in either gym group.
Older adults attending HUR and conventional gyms had similar self-reported function and nutrition (but not protein intake). Inadequate physical activity was associated with low gait speed and inadequate nutrition and low protein ingestion associated with low lean mas, even in older adults participating in exercise programs. Optimal physical activity and nutrition are important for maintaining muscle mass and function in older adults.
骨骼肌质量和力量逐渐下降的风险，称为肌肉减少症，随着年龄的增长、身体活动减少和不良饮食而增加。本研究的目的是探讨和比较接受阻力训练的老年人中肌肉减少症各组成部分与自我报告的身体活动和营养之间的关联，这些老年人在赫尔辛基大学研究[HUR]和常规健身房参加了一年以上、每周一次的锻炼。
该研究比较了 HUR（n=3）和常规（n=1）健身房之间的差异。通过握力测试和坐站测试评估肌肉力量（通过握力测试和坐站测试）、四肢瘦体重（ALM；通过双能 X 射线吸收法）和身体表现（通过 4 米距离的步态速度、简短身体表现电池、计时起立和 400 米步行测试）在 80 名社区居住的老年人中进行评估（平均年龄为 76.5±6.5 岁）。Pearson 相关性研究了肌肉减少症各组成部分与自我报告的身体活动（通过老年人身体活动量表[PASE]）和营养（通过澳大利亚饮食调查）之间的关联。
HUR 和常规健身房之间的 PASE 和澳大利亚推荐食物评分（ARFS）没有差异，但 HUR 健身房参与者的自我报告蛋白质摄入量明显更高（108±39g 比 88±27g；p=0.029），能量摄入量也有升高的趋势（9698±3006kJ 比 8266±2904kJ；p=0.055）。在两个健身房组中，步态速度与自我报告的身体活动呈正相关（r=0.275；p=0.039 和 r=0.423；p=0.044 分别用于 HUR 和常规健身房）。ALM 与常规健身房组中的蛋白质（p=0.047，r=0.418）和能量（p=0.038，r=0.435）摄入呈正相关。在 HUR 组中也观察到类似的 ALM/h 关联。在两个健身房组中，肌肉减少症的组成部分均与 ARFS 无关。
参加 HUR 和常规健身房的老年人的自我报告功能和营养（但不是蛋白质摄入量）相似。活动不足与较低的步态速度和营养不足有关，而蛋白质摄入不足与瘦体重较低有关，即使是参加锻炼计划的老年人也是如此。最佳的身体活动和营养对于维持老年人的肌肉质量和功能很重要。
