Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2021 Apr 1;22(4):1295-1304. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1295.
The epidemiological features of the cervical cancer (CC) incidence and its spatial and temporal assessment in Kazakhstan were studied.
The retrospective study was done for the period 2009-2018. Descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology were used.
During the study period, 16,441 new cases of CC were registered. The average annual crude and age-standardized incidence rate were 18.6±0.5 and 17.7±0.4 cases per 100,000 population of female, respectively, and their trends tended to increase (Тup=+2.3%; R2=0.708 and Тup=+1.9%; R2=0.615, respectively). The analysis of ASIR showed unimodal growth with a peak at 50-54 years - 45.3±1.1 cases per 100,000 population of female. Trends of ASIR decreased up to 30 years (Tdown=-1.8%; R2=0.111) and 35-59 years (Tdown=-0.9%; R2=0.103), in other age groups the trends increased, and were most pronounced in 40-44 (Тup=+4.1%; R2=0.878) and 65-69 years (Тup=+4.4%; R2=0.537). Trends in ASR of СС tended to grow in almost all regions, with higher levels in Mangystau (Тup=+4.1%; R2=0.482) and Aktobe (Тup=+6.3%; R2=0.846) regions. The cartograms of ASR per 100,000 population of female were allocated according to the following criteria: low - up to 16.3, average - from 16.3 to 19.2, high - above 19.2. The results of the spatial analysis showed the regions with a higher levels of CC incidence rate per 100,000 population of female: East Kazakhstan (19.8), Aktobe (20.0), Almaty (20.1), Kostanay region (20.9), Atyrau (21.7) regions and Almaty city (22.0).
The study of trends of the cervical cancer incidence has the theoretical and practical value: monitoring and evaluation of screening programmes, which are implemented in the country, and conduction of secondary prevention of cervical pathology. Health authorities should consider the obtained results in the in the organization of anti-cancer activities.
研究哈萨克斯坦宫颈癌（CC）发病率的流行病学特征及其时空评估。
本研究为回顾性研究，时间范围为 2009 年至 2018 年。采用描述性和分析性肿瘤流行病学方法。
研究期间，共登记了 16441 例新的宫颈癌病例。平均年粗发病率和年龄标准化发病率分别为每 10 万女性 18.6±0.5 和 17.7±0.4 例，呈上升趋势（Tup=+2.3%；R2=0.708 和 Tup=+1.9%；R2=0.615）。年龄标准化发病率分析显示出单峰增长，峰值出现在 50-54 岁，为每 10 万女性 45.3±1.1 例。30 岁以下（Tdown=-1.8%；R2=0.111）和 35-59 岁（Tdown=-0.9%；R2=0.103）的年龄标准化发病率趋势下降，其他年龄组的趋势上升，40-44 岁（Tup=+4.1%；R2=0.878）和 65-69 岁（Tup=+4.4%；R2=0.537）的上升最为显著。宫颈癌的年龄标准化发病率趋势在几乎所有地区都呈上升趋势，曼格斯套州（Tup=+4.1%；R2=0.482）和阿克托贝州（Tup=+6.3%；R2=0.846）的水平较高。根据以下标准对每 10 万女性的年龄标准化发病率进行了制图：低-至 16.3，平均-16.3 至 19.2，高-超过 19.2。空间分析的结果显示了每 10 万女性宫颈癌发病率较高的地区：东哈萨克斯坦州（19.8）、阿克托贝州（20.0）、阿拉木图州（20.1）、科斯塔奈州（20.9）、阿特劳州（21.7）和阿拉木图市（22.0）。
对宫颈癌发病率趋势的研究具有理论和实践价值：监测和评估在该国实施的筛查计划，并开展宫颈癌二级预防。卫生当局应在组织抗癌活动时考虑到所获得的结果。
