Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Zapopan, Jal, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
J Food Sci. 2021 May;86(5):1511-1531. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15709. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disorder originating from central obesity through a high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) disease, converting it to one of the costliest chronic diseases, which reduces life quality. A strategy proposed by the food industry to reduce this problem is the generation of low-caloric products using sweeteners, which are compounds that can substitute sucrose, given their sweet taste. For many years, it was assumed that sweeteners did not have a relevant interaction in metabolism. However, recent studies have demonstrated that sweeteners interact either with metabolism or with gut microbiota, in which sweet-taste receptors play an essential role. This review presents an overview of the industrial application of most commonly consumed sweeteners. In addition, the interaction of sweeteners within the body, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, gut microbiota metabolism, and excretion is also reviewed. Furthermore, the complex relationship between metabolic syndrome and sweeteners is also discussed, presenting results from in vivo and clinical trials. Findings from this review indicate that, in order to formulate sugar-free or noncaloric food products for the metabolic syndrome market, several factors need to be considered, including the dose, proportions, human metabolism, and interaction of sweeteners with gut microbiota and sweet-taste receptors. More clinical studies, including the metabolic syndrome, are needed to better understand the interaction of sweeteners with the human body, as well as their possible effect on the generation of dysbiosis.
代谢综合征是一种多因素疾病，源于中心性肥胖，通过高热量摄入和 sedentary lifestyle（久坐不动的生活方式）导致。代谢综合征增加了 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险，使它成为最昂贵的慢性病之一，降低了生活质量。食品行业提出了一种策略，即使用甜味剂生产低卡路里产品，这些化合物可以替代蔗糖，因为它们具有甜味。多年来，人们一直认为甜味剂在代谢中没有相关的相互作用。然而，最近的研究表明，甜味剂要么与代谢相互作用，要么与肠道微生物群相互作用，其中甜味受体起着至关重要的作用。本综述介绍了最常消费的甜味剂的工业应用概述。此外，还综述了甜味剂在体内的相互作用，包括它们的吸收、分布、代谢、肠道微生物群代谢和排泄。此外，还讨论了代谢综合征与甜味剂之间的复杂关系，介绍了体内和临床研究的结果。本综述的研究结果表明，为了为代谢综合征市场制定无糖或无卡路里的食品产品，需要考虑几个因素，包括剂量、比例、人体代谢以及甜味剂与肠道微生物群和甜味受体的相互作用。需要更多的临床研究，包括代谢综合征，以更好地了解甜味剂与人体的相互作用，以及它们对菌群失调产生的可能影响。
