Alambeigi Hananeh, McDonald Anthony D
14736 Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Hum Factors. 2023 Mar;65(2):288-305. doi: 10.1177/00187208211010004. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
This study investigates the impact of silent and alerted failures on driver performance across two levels of scenario criticality during automated vehicle transitions of control.
Recent analyses of automated vehicle crashes show that many crashes occur after a transition of control or a silent automation failure. A substantial amount of research has been dedicated to investigating the impact of various factors on drivers' responses, but silent failures and their interactions with scenario criticality are understudied.
A driving simulator study was conducted comparing scenario criticality, alert presence, and two driving scenarios. Bayesian regression models and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the impact of alert and scenario criticality on takeover performance.
The results show that silent failures increase takeover times and the intensity of posttakeover maximum accelerations and decrease the posttakeover minimum time-to-collision. While the predicted average impact of silent failures on takeover time was practically low, the effects on minimum time-to-collision and maximum accelerations were safety-significant. The analysis of posttakeover control interaction effects shows that the effect of alert presence differs by the scenario criticality.
Although the impact of the absence of an alert on takeover performance was less than that of scenario criticality, silent failures seem to play a substantial role-by leading to an unsafe maneuver-in critical automated vehicle takeovers.
Understanding the implications of silent failure on driver's takeover performance can benefit the assessment of automated vehicles' safety and provide guidance for fail-safe system designs.
本研究调查在自动车辆控制权转换过程中，无声故障和警报故障对不同场景危急程度下驾驶员表现的影响。
近期对自动车辆碰撞事故的分析表明，许多碰撞事故发生在控制权转换或无声自动化故障之后。大量研究致力于调查各种因素对驾驶员反应的影响，但无声故障及其与场景危急程度的相互作用却未得到充分研究。
开展了一项驾驶模拟器研究，比较场景危急程度、警报情况和两种驾驶场景。使用贝叶斯回归模型和费舍尔精确检验来调查警报和场景危急程度对接管表现的影响。
结果显示，无声故障会增加接管时间以及接管后最大加速度的强度，并缩短接管后最小碰撞时间。虽然无声故障对接管时间的预计平均影响实际较低，但对最小碰撞时间和最大加速度的影响具有安全意义。对接管后控制交互效应的分析表明，警报情况的影响因场景危急程度而异。
尽管无警报对接管表现的影响小于场景危急程度的影响，但在关键的自动车辆接管过程中，无声故障似乎起着重要作用——会导致不安全的操作。
了解无声故障对驾驶员接管表现的影响，有助于评估自动车辆的安全性，并为故障安全系统设计提供指导。
