Center for SMART Health, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Political Science, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2021 Apr 28;7(4):e24277. doi: 10.2196/24277.
With conflicting information about COVID-19, the general public may be uncertain about how to proceed in terms of precautionary behavior and decisions about whether to return to activity.
The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with COVID-19-related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity.
National survey data were obtained from the Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project, an ongoing cross-sectional weekly survey. The sample was provided by Lucid, a web-based market research platform. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) COVID-19-related concerns, (2) precautionary behaviors, and (3) willingness to return to activity. Key independent variables included age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, political party support, religion, news consumption, number of medication prescriptions, perceived COVID-19 status, and timing of peak COVID-19 infections by state.
The data included 125,508 responses from web-based surveys conducted over 20 consecutive weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (comprising approximately 6250 adults per week), between March 19 and August 5, 2020, approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board for analysis. A substantial number of participants were not willing to return to activity even after the restrictions were lifted. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions indicated the following groups had different outcomes (all P<.001): individuals aged ≥65 years (COVID-19-related concerns: OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.93-2.18; precautionary behaviors: OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.02-2.80; return to activity: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37-0.46 vs 18-40 years); men (COVID-19-related concerns: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70-0.75; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81; return to activity: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.12 vs women); taking ≥4 medications (COVID-19-related concerns: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54; precautionary behaviors: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.555; return to activity: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81 vs <3 medications); Republicans (COVID-19-related concerns: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50; return to activity: OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.09-2.36 vs Democrats); and adults who reported having COVID-19 (COVID-19-related concerns: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.39; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81; return to activity: OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.48-4.58 vs those who did not).
Participants' age, party affiliation, and perceived COVID-19 status were strongly associated with their COVID-19-related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Future studies need to develop and test targeted messaging approaches and consider political partisanship to encourage preventative behaviors and willingness to return to activities.
由于关于 COVID-19 的信息相互矛盾，公众可能不确定在预防行为和是否恢复活动的决策方面该如何进行。
本研究旨在确定与 COVID-19 相关的担忧、预防行为以及恢复活动意愿相关的因素。
从 Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project 获取全国调查数据，这是一项正在进行的横断面每周调查。样本由 Lucid 提供，Lucid 是一个基于网络的市场研究平台。评估了三个结果：（1）COVID-19 相关的担忧，（2）预防行为，以及（3）恢复活动的意愿。主要的独立变量包括年龄、性别、种族或民族、教育程度、家庭收入、政党支持、宗教信仰、新闻消费、药物处方数量、感知 COVID-19 状况以及各州 COVID-19 感染高峰的时间。
这些数据包括 2020 年 3 月 19 日至 8 月 5 日期间在 COVID-19 大流行期间进行的 20 周连续网络调查的 125508 份回复，每周约有 6250 名成年人参与，这些回复由加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）机构审查委员会批准进行分析。即使在限制解除后，仍有相当数量的参与者不愿意恢复活动。加权多元逻辑回归表明，以下群体有不同的结果（均 P<.001）：年龄≥65 岁的个体（COVID-19 相关担忧：OR 2.05，95%CI 1.93-2.18；预防行为：OR 2.38，95%CI 2.02-2.80；恢复活动：OR 0.41，95%CI 0.37-0.46 与 18-40 岁）；男性（COVID-19 相关担忧：OR 0.73，95%CI 0.70-0.75；预防行为：OR 0.74，95%CI 0.67-0.81；恢复活动：OR 2.00，95%CI 1.88-2.12 与女性）；服用≥4 种药物（COVID-19 相关担忧：OR 1.47，95%CI 1.40-1.54；预防行为：OR 1.36，95%CI 1.20-1.555；恢复活动：OR 0.75，95%CI 0.69-0.81 与<3 种药物）；共和党人（COVID-19 相关担忧：OR 0.40，95%CI 0.38-0.42；预防行为：OR 0.45，95%CI 0.40-0.50；恢复活动：OR 2.22，95%CI 2.09-2.36 与民主党人）；以及报告有 COVID-19 的成年人（COVID-19 相关担忧：OR 1.24，95%CI 1.12-1.39；预防行为：OR 0.65，95%CI 0.52-0.81；恢复活动：OR 3.99，95%CI 3.48-4.58 与没有 COVID-19 的人）。
参与者的年龄、党派和感知的 COVID-19 状况与他们的 COVID-19 相关担忧、预防行为以及恢复活动的意愿密切相关。未来的研究需要开发和测试有针对性的信息传递方法，并考虑政治党派关系，以鼓励预防行为和恢复活动的意愿。
