Song Huiqi, Lau Patrick W C, Wang Jingjing, Liu Yunfei, Song Yi, Shi Lei
Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
National Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
J Exerc Sci Fit. 2024 Jul;22(3):187-193. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002. Epub 2024 Mar 15.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.
The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3-6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation.
The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p < 0.001, r = 0.20), flexibility (p < 0.001, r = 0.07), muscular strength (p < 0.001, r = 0.37), muscular endurance (p < 0.001, r = 0.26), and speed-agility (p < 0.001, r = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength.
These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.
背景/目的：本研究探讨了学龄前儿童24小时运动行为与身体素质（PF）之间的关系。
该研究在珠海的474名3至6岁儿童中进行。通过加速度计收集身体活动（PA）和久坐行为（SB），并通过家长报告问卷评估睡眠时间。分别使用平衡木测试、20米往返跑测试、坐位体前屈测试、握力测试、仰卧起坐测试和4×10米往返跑测试来测量平衡、心肺适能（CRF）、柔韧性、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和速度敏捷性。采用成分数据分析来检验24小时运动行为与PF之间的关联，并采用成分等时替代分析进行时间重新分配。
在调整年龄、性别和体重指数（BMI）后，每日运动行为构成与CRF（p < 0.001，r = 0.20）、柔韧性（p < 0.001，r = 0.07）、肌肉力量（p < 0.001，r = 0.37）、肌肉耐力（p < 0.001，r = 0.26）和速度敏捷性（p < 0.001，r = 0.26）显著相关。以减少SB和睡眠时间为代价增加中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA），以及以减少睡眠时间为代价增加MVPA，分别与肌肉力量和速度敏捷性的显著改善相关。在肌肉力量方面，SB和睡眠时间替代MVPA的影响比MVPA替代SB和睡眠时间的影响更强。
这些发现为在推荐范围内替换运动行为以促进幼儿期PF发展提供了有益的见解。
