Liu Jianwu, Wu Shengbin, Fu Ying
Department of Physical Education and Health Teaching and Research, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, 415100, China.
School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 14;15(1):16750. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01192-y.
This paper aims to assess population-based trends and distributional characteristics in the sit-ups performance, body height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) among school-aged girls in urban China from 1985 to 2019. Height, mass, BMI and sit-ups performance data for Han Chinese urban girls aged 7-18 years were obtained from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health surveys from 1985 to 2019. Population-based trends were estimated by a post-stratification population weighting procedure. There was a moderate improvement in sit-ups performance from 1985 to 2019, increasing by 25.7% or 0.69 effect size (ES). Girls aged 10-12 years experienced the smallest improvement (0.46 ES) and girls aged 16-18 years experienced the largest improvement (0.88 ES). Improvements in sit-ups performance were the major trend across periods, but there was a negligible improvement in the 1990s (0.04 ES) and a small decrease in the 2000s (-0.36 ES), while height, mass and BMI (from 2000 to 2019) continued to increase from 1985 to 2019. The distribution of the change in sit-ups performance was uneven, the improvements were somewhat greater at both ends of the distribution.The government should implement differentiated health promotion programs, especially for those with greater health risks.
本文旨在评估1985年至2019年中国城市学龄女童仰卧起坐成绩、身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）的基于人群的趋势及分布特征。1985年至2019年中国学生体质与健康调研中获取了7至18岁汉族城市女童的身高、体重、BMI和仰卧起坐成绩数据。通过后分层人口加权程序估计基于人群的趋势。1985年至2019年仰卧起坐成绩有适度改善，提高了25.7%或效应量（ES）为0.69。10至12岁女童的改善最小（ES为0.46），16至18岁女童的改善最大（ES为0.88）。仰卧起坐成绩的改善是各时期的主要趋势，但在20世纪90年代改善可忽略不计（ES为0.04），在21世纪有所下降（ES为 -0.36），而身高、体重和BMI（2000年至2019年）从1985年至2019年持续增加。仰卧起坐成绩变化的分布不均衡，分布两端的改善幅度稍大。政府应实施差异化的健康促进项目，尤其是针对那些健康风险较大的人群。
