在 COVID-19 大流行前后，香港饮食习惯和身体活动的变化：通过随机电话调查的横断面研究。
Change in eating habits and physical activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study via random telephone survey.
机构信息
School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
出版信息
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Apr 28;18(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00431-7.
BACKGROUND
Hong Kong is a densely populated city with a low incidence and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The city imposed different levels of social distancing including, the closure of sports venues and restrictions on eateries. This inevitably affects the eating behaviour and physical activities of the population. We examined the changes in eating behavior and physical activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and identified sociodemographic factors associated with the behavioral changes.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study via a random telephone survey of Chinese adults conducted in Hong Kong from May to June, 2020 - a period in which social distancing measures were being imposed. We measured the physical activity habits from four aspects and dietary consumption patterns from seven aspects before and during the pandemic based on the World Health Organization's guidelines and previous publications.
RESULTS
In total, 724 participants were recruited. Individuals were found to cook more frequently at home (p < 0.001) and order take-out (p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. While no significant change in the frequency of fast food consumption was observed, we found significant increases in the frequency of eating fruits (p < 0.001) and vegetables (p = 0.004). The frequencies of walking, moderate-intensive sports, and high-intensity sports were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). We found that healthy lifestyle behaviors during the pandemic were negatively associated with participants' economic status.
CONCLUSIONS
Social distancing measures likely provided an opportunity for individuals to stay home and thus eat healthier. However, in a prolonged period of social restrictions, a lower physical activity level poses a risk to public health. Public health officials are thus advised to monitor physical health on a population-wide basis. The findings highlighted the importance of interventions tailored to individuals who have prolonged home stays - particularly for individuals in the low economic group.
背景
香港是一个人口密集的城市，2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的发病率和死亡率都很低。该市实施了不同级别的社会隔离措施，包括关闭体育场馆和限制餐馆营业。这不可避免地影响了人们的饮食行为和体育活动。我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行前后的饮食行为和体育活动的变化，并确定了与行为变化相关的社会人口学因素。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，通过 2020 年 5 月至 6 月在香港对成年人进行的随机电话调查进行，这一时期正在实施社会隔离措施。我们根据世界卫生组织的指南和以前的出版物，从四个方面测量体育活动习惯，从七个方面测量饮食消费模式。
结果
共招募了 724 名参与者。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，人们发现自己在家做饭更频繁（p<0.001），点外卖更多（p<0.001）。虽然快餐消费频率没有明显变化，但我们发现吃水果（p<0.001）和蔬菜（p=0.004）的频率显著增加。步行、中等强度运动和高强度运动的频率显著降低（p<0.001）。我们发现，大流行期间的健康生活方式行为与参与者的经济状况呈负相关。
结论
社会隔离措施可能为人们提供了一个待在家里的机会，从而吃得更健康。然而，在长时间的社会限制下，较低的体育活动水平对公众健康构成了威胁。因此，建议公共卫生官员在全人群范围内监测身体健康状况。研究结果强调了针对长期居家的个人量身定制干预措施的重要性，特别是对经济水平较低的个人。
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