Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 28;11(1):9144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88298-1.
This study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.
本研究旨在探讨超重/肥胖是否与更高的冲动性、食物成瘾和抑郁症状有关，以及这些变量是否可以在经过 1 年的多模式干预（饮食、身体活动、社会心理支持）后得到改善。来自 PREDIMED-Plus 认知研究的 342 名超重/肥胖和代谢综合征（MetS）的成年人（55-75 岁）被随机分配到干预组或对照组（生活方式建议）。在基线和 1 年随访时进行认知和心理病理评估。基线时，更高的冲动性与更高的食物成瘾和抑郁症状有关，但与体重指数（BMI）无关。食物成瘾不仅预测更高的 BMI 和抑郁症状，而且在冲动性和 BMI/抑郁症状之间发挥中介作用。1 年后，两组患者的 BMI、食物成瘾和冲动性均显著下降。干预组 BMI 降低和冲动性改善更为显著。冲动性较低的个体 BMI 降低幅度更大。食物成瘾评分较高也与治疗后冲动性增加有关。总之，超重/肥胖与 MetS 中老年个体更高的冲动性、食物成瘾和抑郁症状有关。我们的研究结果还强调了所研究变量的可调节性，以及在该人群中推广多模式干预的重要性。
