Sani A, Cao C, Cui D
Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021 Apr 10;26:100991. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100991. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Gold nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials that have received great interest in field of biomedicine due to their electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical and optical properties. With these great potentials came the consequence of their interaction with biological tissues and molecules which presents the possibility of toxicity. This paper aims to consolidate and bring forward the studies performed that evaluate the toxicological aspect of AuNPs which were categorized into in vivo and in vitro studies. Both indicate to some extent oxidative damage to tissues and cell lines used in vivo and in vitro respectively with the liver, spleen and kidney most affected. The outcome of these review showed small controversy but however, the primary toxicity and its extent is collectively determined by the characteristics, preparations and physicochemical properties of the NPs. Some studies have shown that AuNPs are not toxic, though many other studies contradict this statement. In order to have a holistic inference, more studies are required that will focus on characterization of NPs and changes of physical properties before and after treatment with biological media. So also, they should incorporate controlled experiment which includes supernatant control Since most studies dwell on citrate or CTAB-capped AuNPs, there is the need to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of functionalized AuNPs with their surface composition which in turn affects their toxicity. Functionalizing the NPs surface with more peculiar ligands would however help regulate and detoxify the uptake of these NPs.
金纳米颗粒是一类纳米材料，因其电学、力学、热学、化学和光学性质而在生物医学领域受到广泛关注。伴随着这些巨大潜力而来的是它们与生物组织和分子相互作用的结果，这带来了毒性的可能性。本文旨在整合并提出已开展的研究，这些研究评估了金纳米颗粒的毒理学方面，分为体内和体外研究。两者都在一定程度上分别表明了对体内和体外使用的组织和细胞系的氧化损伤，其中肝脏、脾脏和肾脏受影响最大。这些综述的结果显示出一些争议，然而，主要毒性及其程度共同由纳米颗粒的特性、制备方法和物理化学性质决定。一些研究表明金纳米颗粒无毒，尽管许多其他研究与此说法相矛盾。为了进行全面的推断，需要更多的研究聚焦于纳米颗粒的表征以及用生物介质处理前后物理性质的变化。同样，它们应该纳入包括上清液对照的对照实验。由于大多数研究集中在柠檬酸盐或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵包覆的金纳米颗粒上，有必要评估功能化金纳米颗粒的毒性和药代动力学及其表面组成，而表面组成又会影响它们的毒性。然而，用更特殊的配体对纳米颗粒表面进行功能化将有助于调节并降低这些纳米颗粒的摄取毒性。
