HERA Team, CRESS, Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France.
Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021 Oct;32(7):1437-1444. doi: 10.1111/pai.13527. Epub 2021 May 21.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has known health benefits, but its specific impact on allergy development is unclear. As part of the PARIS birth cohort follow-up, we aimed to investigate the adherence of 8-year-old children to the MD and its association with allergic/respiratory morbidity at school age.
Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire completed by the parents. Adherence to the MD was assessed based on two scores: the KIDMED index and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Current allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis, eczema), lung function indices (FEV and FVC), FeNO and specific IgE levels were determined during a health check-up at 8 years. Associations between levels of adherence to the MD and respiratory/allergic morbidity were studied using multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.
A total of 975 children were included in the present study, 35.6% with low adherence to the MD, 55.7% with moderate adherence and 8.7% with high adherence according to the KIDMED index. High family socioeconomic status, any breastfeeding at 6 months and consumption of organic food were associated with higher adherence to the MD. Compared with low adherence, high adherence was associated with lower risk of asthma and sensitization at 8 years, as well as higher FEV and FVC.
This study suggests a protective effect of high adherence to the MD on allergic and respiratory morbidity at school age. These results need to be confirmed by further longitudinal analyses. A healthy diet may prevent allergic and respiratory morbidity in school-aged children.
地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD）对健康有已知益处，但它对过敏发展的具体影响尚不清楚。作为巴黎出生队列随访的一部分，我们旨在研究 8 岁儿童对 MD 的依从性及其与学龄期过敏/呼吸道发病率的关系。
采用父母填写的食物频率问卷评估饮食。根据 KIDMED 指数和地中海饮食评分（Mediterranean Diet Score，MDS）评估 MD 的依从性。在 8 岁时进行健康检查时，测定当前过敏疾病（哮喘、鼻炎、湿疹）、肺功能指标（FEV 和 FVC）、FeNO 和特异性 IgE 水平。使用多变量逻辑回归和线性回归模型，在校正潜在混杂因素后，研究 MD 依从性水平与呼吸道/过敏发病率之间的关系。
本研究共纳入 975 名儿童，根据 KIDMED 指数，35.6%的儿童 MD 依从性低，55.7%的儿童 MD 依从性中等，8.7%的儿童 MD 依从性高。高家庭社会经济地位、6 个月时任何母乳喂养和食用有机食品与 MD 更高的依从性相关。与低依从性相比，高依从性与 8 岁时哮喘和致敏风险较低以及 FEV 和 FVC 较高相关。
本研究表明 MD 高依从性与学龄期过敏和呼吸道发病率降低有关。这些结果需要进一步的纵向分析来证实。健康饮食可能预防学龄期儿童的过敏和呼吸道发病率。
