Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Eur Respir J. 2020 Mar 12;55(3). doi: 10.1183/13993003.01215-2019. Print 2020 Mar.
Evidence for associations between Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergy and related outcomes is conflicting. Few cohorts have followed children to school age, and none have considered lung function.In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we analysed associations between maternal Mediterranean diet score during pregnancy (estimated by a food frequency questionnaire, using an defined score adapted to pregnant women; score ranging from 0 (low adherence) to 7 (high adherence)) and current doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheeze, eczema, hay fever, atopy and lung function in 8907 children at 7-9 years. Interaction between maternal Mediterranean diet and maternal smoking in pregnancy was investigated.The maternal Mediterranean diet score was not associated with asthma or other allergic outcomes. Weak positive associations were found between maternal Mediterranean diet score and childhood maximal mid-expiratory flow (forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF)) after controlling for confounders. Higher Mediterranean diet scores were associated with increased FEF z-scores adjusted for age, height and sex (β 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.12; p=0.03, comparing a score of 4-7 a score of 0-3). Stratifying associations by maternal smoking during pregnancy showed that associations with FEF were only seen in children of never-/passive-smoking mothers, but no evidence for a statistically significant interaction was found.Results suggest adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may be associated with increased small airway function in childhood, but we found no evidence for a reduced risk of asthma or other allergic outcomes.
有证据表明，孕妇地中海饮食与儿童哮喘、过敏和相关结果之间存在关联，但这种关联存在争议。很少有队列研究跟踪儿童到学龄期，也没有研究考虑肺功能。在阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子中，我们分析了孕妇地中海饮食评分（通过食物频率问卷估计，使用定义的分数适应孕妇；分数范围从 0（低依从性）到 7（高依从性））与 8907 名 7-9 岁儿童当前医生诊断的哮喘、喘息、湿疹、花粉热、特应性和肺功能之间的关系。研究了母亲地中海饮食与怀孕期间母亲吸烟之间的相互作用。母亲地中海饮食评分与哮喘或其他过敏结果无关。在控制了混杂因素后，发现母亲地中海饮食评分与儿童最大中期呼气流量（用力肺活量的 25-75%时的强制呼气流量（FEF））之间存在微弱的正相关。在调整年龄、身高和性别后，较高的地中海饮食评分与增加的 FEF z 分数相关（β 0.06，95%CI 0.01-0.12；p=0.03，比较评分 4-7 与评分 0-3）。根据怀孕期间母亲吸烟情况对关联进行分层显示，FEF 与关联仅见于从未/被动吸烟母亲的儿童中，但未发现统计学上显著的相互作用证据。结果表明，怀孕期间遵循地中海饮食可能与儿童期小气道功能增加有关，但我们没有发现哮喘或其他过敏结果风险降低的证据。
