Schijns Virgil, Majhen Dragomira, van der Ley Peter, Thakur Aneesh, Summerfield Artur, Berisio Rita, Nativi Cristina, Fernández-Tejada Alberto, Alvarez-Dominguez Carmen, Gizurarson Sveinbjörn, Zamyatina Alla, Molinaro Antonio, Rosano Camillo, Jakopin Žiga, Gursel Ihsan, McClean Siobhán
Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science Park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Apr 6;13(4):501. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040501.
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.
疫苗是最有效的医学干预手段，因为它们在全球预防感染和降低死亡率方面不断取得成功。早期疫苗是凭经验研发的，然而，通过定制免疫反应，合理设计疫苗能够使我们优化其效力。确定保护的免疫相关因素对疫苗的合理设计具有重要指导意义。这有助于选择最佳的疫苗抗原和最合适的疫苗佐剂，以产生最佳的记忆性免疫T细胞和B细胞反应。本综述概述了目前已获批准的疫苗类型以及正在研发的疫苗类型。我们概述了可以作为目标的最佳保护免疫相关因素。最后，我们回顾了合理选择抗原和合理设计疫苗佐剂的方法。将目前关于保护性免疫反应的知识与关键疫苗成分相结合，对于预防未来危及生命的疾病至关重要。
