GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón -IA2-, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 8;13(4):1231. doi: 10.3390/nu13041231.
Frailty is a reversible condition, which is strongly related to physical function and nutritional status. Different scales are used to screened older adults and their risk of being frail, however, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) may be more adequate than others to measure physical function in exercise interventions and has been less studied. Thus, the main aims of our study were: (1) to describe differences in nutritional intakes by SPPB groups (robust, pre-frail and frail); (2) to study the relationship between being at risk of malnourishment and frailty; and (3) to describe differences in nutrient intake between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk in the no-frail individuals. One hundred one participants (80.4 ± 6.0 year old) were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake and Mini Nutritional Assessment to determine malnutrition. Results revealed differences for the intake of carbohydrates, -3 fatty acids (n3), and saturated fatty acids for frail, pre-frail, and robust individuals and differences in vitamin D intake between frail and robust (all < 0.05). Those at risk of malnutrition were approximately 8 times more likely to be frail than those with no risk. Significant differences in nutrient intake were found between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk, specifically in: protein, PUFA -3, retinol, ascorbic acid, niacin equivalents, folic acid, magnesium, and potassium, respectively. Moreover, differences in alcohol were also observed showing higher intake for those at risk of malnourishment (all < 0.05). In conclusion, nutrients related to muscle metabolism showed to have different intakes across SPPB physical function groups. The intake of these specific nutrients related with risk of malnourishment need to be promoted in order to prevent frailty.
衰弱是一种可逆转的状态，与身体功能和营养状况密切相关。不同的量表被用于筛查老年人及其衰弱风险，但短体适能表现测试（SPPB）可能比其他量表更能测量运动干预中的身体功能，且研究较少。因此，我们的主要研究目的是：（1）描述 SPPB 组（健壮、衰弱前期和衰弱）之间的营养摄入量差异；（2）研究营养不良风险与衰弱之间的关系；（3）描述无衰弱个体中，营养不良风险与无风险个体之间的营养素摄入量差异。本横断面研究纳入了 101 名参与者（80.4 ± 6.0 岁）。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷来确定食物摄入量，使用微型营养评估来确定营养不良。结果显示，衰弱、衰弱前期和健壮个体的碳水化合物、-3 脂肪酸（n3）和饱和脂肪酸摄入量存在差异，且衰弱个体的维生素 D 摄入量与健壮个体也存在差异（均 < 0.05）。有营养不良风险的个体衰弱的可能性是无风险个体的约 8 倍。有营养不良风险的个体与无风险个体之间的营养素摄入量存在显著差异，具体为：蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸 -3、视黄醇、抗坏血酸、烟酸当量、叶酸、镁和钾，分别。此外，还观察到酒精摄入量的差异，有营养不良风险的个体的酒精摄入量较高（均 < 0.05）。总之，与肌肉代谢相关的营养素显示出在 SPPB 身体功能组之间存在不同的摄入量。需要促进这些与营养不良风险相关的特定营养素的摄入，以预防衰弱。
