Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain.
Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 2;18(7):3719. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073719.
Kinematic analysis of the cycling position is a determining factor in injury prevention and optimal performance. Fatigue caused by high volume training can alter the kinematics of the lower body and spinal structures, thus increasing the risk of chronic injury. However, very few studies have established relationships between fatigue and postural change, being these in 2D analysis or incremental intensity protocols. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a 3D kinematic analysis of pedaling technique in a stable power fatigue protocol 23 amateur cyclists (28.3 ± 8.4 years) participated in this study. For this purpose, 3D kinematics in hip, knee, ankle, and lumbar joints, and thorax and pelvis were collected at three separate times during the protocol. Kinematic differences at the beginning, middle, and end of the protocol were analyzed for all joints using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. Significant differences ( < 0.05) were found in all the joints studied, but not all of them occur in the same planes or the same phase of the cycle. Some of the changes produced, such as greater lumbar and thoracic flexion, greater thoracic and pelvic tilt, or greater hip adduction, could lead to chronic knee and lumbar injuries. Therefore, bike fitting protocols should be carried out in fatigue situations to detect risk factor situations.
自行车骑行姿势的运动学分析是预防损伤和优化表现的决定因素。大量训练引起的疲劳会改变下肢和脊柱结构的运动学，从而增加慢性损伤的风险。然而，很少有研究建立了疲劳与姿势变化之间的关系，这些研究都是在二维分析或递增强度方案中进行的。因此，本研究旨在通过稳定功率疲劳方案对 23 名业余自行车运动员（28.3±8.4 岁）进行 3D 运动学分析。为此，在协议的三个不同时间点采集了髋关节、膝关节、踝关节和腰椎以及胸廓和骨盆的 3D 运动学。使用一维统计参数映射分析了所有关节在协议开始、中间和结束时的运动学差异。所有研究关节均存在显著性差异（<0.05），但并非所有关节都在同一平面或同一周期相位发生变化。一些产生的变化，如腰椎和胸椎更大的屈曲、更大的胸廓和骨盆倾斜或更大的髋关节内收，可能导致慢性膝部和腰部损伤。因此，应在疲劳情况下进行自行车适配协议，以检测危险因素情况。
