Ramal-Sanchez Marina, Bernabò Nicola, Valbonetti Luca, Cimini Costanza, Taraschi Angela, Capacchietti Giulia, Machado-Simoes Juliana, Barboni Barbara
Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 21;22(9):4306. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094306.
Based on the abundance of scientific publications, the polymodal sensor TRPV1 is known as one of the most studied proteins within the TRP channel family. This receptor has been found in numerous cell types from different species as well as in spermatozoa. The present review is focused on analyzing the role played by this important channel in the post-ejaculatory life of spermatozoa, where it has been described to be involved in events such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, calcium trafficking, sperm migration, and fertilization. By performing an exhaustive bibliographic search, this review gathers, for the first time, all the modulators of the TRPV1 function that, to our knowledge, were described to date in different species and cell types. Moreover, all those modulators with a relationship with the reproductive process, either found in the female tract, seminal plasma, or spermatozoa, are presented here. Since the sperm migration through the female reproductive tract is one of the most intriguing and less understood events of the fertilization process, in the present work, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and rheotaxis guiding mechanisms and their relationship with TRPV1 receptor are deeply analyzed, hypothesizing its (in)direct participation during the sperm migration. Last, TRPV1 is presented as a pharmacological target, with a special focus on humans and some pathologies in mammals strictly related to the male reproductive system.
基于丰富的科学出版物，多模态传感器TRPV1是瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道家族中研究最多的蛋白质之一。已在来自不同物种的多种细胞类型以及精子中发现了这种受体。本综述重点分析了这一重要通道在精子射精后生命过程中所起的作用，据描述它参与了诸如获能、顶体反应、钙转运、精子迁移和受精等过程。通过进行详尽的文献检索，本综述首次收集了据我们所知迄今为止在不同物种和细胞类型中描述的所有TRPV1功能调节剂。此外，这里还展示了所有与生殖过程相关的调节剂，这些调节剂在女性生殖道、精浆或精子中被发现。由于精子通过女性生殖道的迁移是受精过程中最引人入胜且了解较少的事件之一，在本研究中，深入分析了趋化性、趋温性和趋流性引导机制及其与TRPV1受体的关系，推测其在精子迁移过程中的（直接或间接）参与情况。最后，TRPV1被作为一个药理学靶点呈现，特别关注人类以及与雄性生殖系统严格相关的哺乳动物的一些病理情况。
