Hallan Supandeep Singh, Sguizzato Maddalena, Esposito Elisabetta, Cortesi Rita
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Biotechnology Interuniversity Consortium (C.I.B.), Ferrara Section, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Apr 14;13(4):549. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040549.
Nano-sized drug transporters have become an efficient approach with considerable commercial values. Nanomedicine is not only limited to drug delivery by means of different administration routes, such as intravenous, oral, transdermal, nasal, pulmonary, and more, but also has applications in a multitude of areas, such as a vaccine, antibacterial, diagnostics and imaging, and gene delivery. This review will focus on lipid nanosystems with a wide range of applications, taking into consideration their composition, properties, and physical parameters. However, designing suitable protocol for the physical evaluation of nanoparticles is still conflicting. The main obstacle is concerning the sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability of the adopted methodology. Some important techniques are compared and discussed in this report. Particularly, a comparison between different techniques involved in (a) the morphologic characterization, such as Cryo-TEM, SEM, and X-ray; (b) the size measurement, such as dynamic light scattering, sedimentation field flow fractionation, and optical microscopy; and (c) surface properties, namely zeta potential measurement, is described. In addition, an amperometric tool in order to investigate antioxidant activity and the response of nanomaterials towards the skin membrane has been presented.
纳米级药物转运体已成为一种具有可观商业价值的有效方法。纳米医学不仅局限于通过不同给药途径（如静脉内、口服、透皮、鼻腔、肺部等）进行药物递送，还在众多领域有应用，如疫苗、抗菌、诊断与成像以及基因递送。本综述将关注具有广泛应用的脂质纳米系统，同时考虑其组成、性质和物理参数。然而，为纳米颗粒的物理评估设计合适的方案仍存在争议。主要障碍在于所采用方法的灵敏度、重现性和可靠性。本报告对一些重要技术进行了比较和讨论。特别描述了涉及以下方面的不同技术之间的比较：(a)形态表征，如冷冻透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线；(b)尺寸测量，如动态光散射、沉降场流分级和光学显微镜；(c)表面性质，即zeta电位测量。此外，还介绍了一种用于研究抗氧化活性以及纳米材料对皮肤膜响应的安培工具。
