Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cells. 2021 Apr 17;10(4):930. doi: 10.3390/cells10040930.
Radiation therapy (RT) can induce an immunogenic variant of regulated cell death that can initiate clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chemokine release, and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. In recent years, intensive research has unraveled major mechanistic aspects of RT-induced ICD and has resulted in the identification of immunogenic factors that are released by irradiated tumor cells. However, so far, only a limited number of studies have searched for potential biomarkers that can be used to predict if irradiated tumor cells undergo ICD that can elicit an effective immunogenic anti-tumor response. In this article, we summarize the available literature on potential biomarkers of RT-induced ICD that have been evaluated in cancer patients. Additionally, we discuss the clinical relevance of these findings and important aspects that should be considered in future studies.
放射治疗 (RT) 可诱导具有免疫原性的调节性细胞死亡，从而引发具有临床相关性的肿瘤靶向免疫反应。免疫原性细胞死亡 (ICD) 伴随着损伤相关分子模式 (DAMPs) 的暴露和释放、趋化因子的释放以及 I 型干扰素 (IFN-I) 反应的刺激。近年来，大量研究阐明了 RT 诱导的 ICD 的主要机制，并确定了受照射肿瘤细胞释放的免疫原性因子。然而，到目前为止，只有少数研究在寻找潜在的生物标志物，这些标志物可用于预测受照射的肿瘤细胞是否发生能够引发有效抗肿瘤免疫反应的 ICD。在本文中，我们总结了在癌症患者中评估的与 RT 诱导的 ICD 相关的潜在生物标志物的现有文献。此外，我们还讨论了这些发现的临床意义以及未来研究中应考虑的重要方面。
