Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 20;12:705361. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705361. eCollection 2021.
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) induced by various stresses and produces antitumor immunity damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release or exposure, mainly including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Emerging evidence has suggested that ionizing radiation (IR) can induce ICD, and the dose, type, and fractionation of irradiation influence the induction of ICD. At present, IR-induced ICD is mainly verified in mice and there is few clinical evidence about it. To boost the induction of ICD by IR, some strategies have shown synergy with IR to enhance antitumor immune response, such as hyperthermia, nanoparticles, and chemotherapy. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of ICD, ICD-promoting factors associated with irradiation, the clinical evidence of ICD, and immunogenic forms of cell death. Finally, we summarize various methods of improving ICD induced by IR.
免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）是一种由各种应激诱导的调控性细胞死亡（RCD），可产生抗肿瘤免疫 损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）释放或暴露，主要包括高迁移率族蛋白 B1（HMGB1）、钙网蛋白（CRT）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和热休克蛋白（HSPs）。新出现的证据表明，电离辐射（IR）可诱导 ICD，辐射的剂量、类型和分割方式影响 ICD 的诱导。目前，IR 诱导的 ICD 主要在小鼠中得到验证，关于它的临床证据较少。为了增强 IR 诱导的 ICD，一些策略与 IR 联合显示出协同作用，以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应，如热疗、纳米颗粒和化疗。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 ICD 的分子机制、与照射相关的 ICD 促进因子、ICD 的临床证据和细胞死亡的免疫原性形式。最后，我们总结了各种改善 IR 诱导的 ICD 的方法。
