Izquierdo-García Luisa F, Carmona Sandra L, Zuluaga Paola, Rodríguez Gustavo, Dita Miguel, Betancourt Mónica, Soto-Suárez Mauricio
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA. C.I Tibaitatá., Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Cundinamarca 250047, Colombia.
Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;7(4):297. doi: 10.3390/jof7040297.
Banana, the main export fruit for Colombia, is threatened by Fusarium wilt (FWB), caused by f. sp. (), tropical race 4 (TR4). Pathogen containment through disinfecting tools, machinery, shoes, and any means that may carry contaminated soil particles with proper disinfectants is at the forefront of disease management. In this study, the biocide efficacy of 10 commercial quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) products and one based on glutaraldehyde (GA) were evaluated on both reproductive structures (microconidia and macroconidia) and survival spores (chlamydospores) of TR4 (strain 140038) isolated from La Guajira, Colombia. QACs were evaluated at 1200 ppm and two exposure times: <1 and 15 min in the absence or presence of soil. For GA disinfectant, four different concentrations (500, 800, 1200, and 2000 ppm) were evaluated at both contact times in the presence of soil. In the absence of soil, all QACs showed 100% biocidal efficiency against microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores at both <1 and 15 min. The presence of soil decreased the efficacy of disinfectants, but some of them, such as QAC3_1st, QAC7_4th, and QAC5_4th, showed 98%, 98%, and 100% efficacy against TR4 chlamydospores, respectively, after <1 min of contact time. For instance, the GA-based disinfectant was able to eliminate all TR4 propagules after 15 min for all concentrations tested.
香蕉是哥伦比亚的主要出口水果，正受到由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Foc）热带4号生理小种（TR4）引起的枯萎病的威胁。通过使用适当的消毒剂对工具、机械、鞋子以及任何可能携带受污染土壤颗粒的物品进行消毒来控制病原体，是病害管理的首要任务。在本研究中，评估了10种市售季铵化合物（QACs）产品和一种基于戊二醛（GA）的产品对从哥伦比亚瓜希拉省分离出的TR4（菌株140038）的繁殖结构（小分生孢子和大分生孢子）以及存活孢子（厚垣孢子）的杀菌效果。QACs在1200 ppm浓度下进行评估，设置了两个暴露时间：在有无土壤的情况下分别为<1分钟和15分钟。对于GA消毒剂，在有土壤的情况下，对四个不同浓度（500、800、1200和2000 ppm）在两个接触时间进行了评估。在没有土壤的情况下，所有QACs在<1分钟和15分钟时对小分生孢子、大分生孢子和厚垣孢子的杀菌效率均为100%。土壤的存在降低了消毒剂的效果，但其中一些，如QAC3_1st、QAC7_4th和QAC5_4th，在接触时间<1分钟后，对TR4厚垣孢子的杀菌效果分别为98%、98%和100%。例如，基于GA的消毒剂在15分钟后能够消除所有测试浓度下的所有TR4繁殖体。
