Pina Ilaria, Mendham Amy E, Tomaz Simone A, Goedecke Julia H, Micklesfield Lisa K, Brooks Naomi E, Gallagher Iain J, Crockett Rachel, Dudchenko Paul, Hunter Angus M
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 19;18(8):4310. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084310.
This study aimed to investigate differences in physical activity (PA) patterns and the associations between objectively measured 24-h movement behaviors and musculoskeletal measures (muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance, and bone mineral density) in a high-income and a low-income community. This cross-sectional study recruited independent living older adults aged 60-85 years from high-income Scottish (n = 150) and low-income South African (n = 138) settings. Participants completed demographic and health questionnaires, and testing included body composition and bone mineral density (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), physical performance (grip strength, gait speed), and PA (accelerometry). Participants accumulated similar amounts of weekly total PA, however, the Scottish cohort engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), while the South African cohort spent more time sleeping and in light intensity PA (LPA). From compositional data analysis, more time spent in MVPA relative to the other movement behaviors was positively associated with higher muscle mass ( < 0.001) and strength ( = 0.001) in the Scottish cohort. Conversely, more time spent in MVPA was associated with faster gait speed ( < 0.001) and greater hip bone mineral density ( = 0.011) in the South African cohort. Our findings confirm the beneficial role of MVPA in both high- and low-income cohorts, however, the relationship MVPA had with components of musculoskeletal health in older adults differed between settings.
本研究旨在调查高收入和低收入社区中身体活动（PA）模式的差异，以及客观测量的24小时运动行为与肌肉骨骼指标（肌肉力量、肌肉质量、身体机能和骨密度）之间的关联。这项横断面研究从高收入的苏格兰地区（n = 150）和低收入的南非地区（n = 138）招募了60 - 85岁的独立生活老年人。参与者完成了人口统计学和健康问卷，测试包括身体成分和骨密度（双能X线吸收法）、身体机能（握力、步速）以及PA（加速度计）。参与者每周积累的总PA量相似，然而，苏格兰队列进行的中等至剧烈强度PA（MVPA）和久坐行为（SB）更多，而南非队列睡眠和进行轻度强度PA（LPA）的时间更长。通过成分数据分析，相对于其他运动行为，在MVPA中花费更多时间与苏格兰队列中更高的肌肉质量（< 0.001）和力量（ = 0.001）呈正相关。相反，在南非队列中，在MVPA中花费更多时间与更快的步速（< 0.001）和更高的髋部骨密度（ = 0.011）相关。我们的研究结果证实了MVPA在高收入和低收入队列中的有益作用，然而，MVPA与老年人肌肉骨骼健康各组成部分的关系在不同环境中有所不同。
