Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 91905, Israel.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 19;22(8):4214. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084214.
Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens. Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and efficient defense mechanisms, either constitutive or inducible. Plant defense responses are triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). These components are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which include plant cell surface receptors. Upon recognition, PRRs trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) is a fungal MAMP protein from the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)-. It elicits plant defense responses in tobacco () and tomato (), making it an excellent tool in the studies of plant immunity. Xylanases such as EIX are hydrolytic enzymes that act on xylan in hemicellulose. There are two types of xylanases: the endo-1, 4-β-xylanases that hydrolyze within the xylan structure, and the β-d-xylosidases that hydrolyze the ends of the xylan chain. Xylanases are mainly synthesized by fungi and bacteria. Filamentous fungi produce xylanases in high amounts and secrete them in liquid cultures, making them an ideal system for xylanase purification. Here, we describe a method for cost- and yield-effective xylanase production from using wheat bran as a growth substrate. Xylanase produced by this method possessed xylanase activity and immunogenic activity, effectively inducing a hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and ROS burst.
植物缺乏循环的适应性免疫系统来保护自己免受病原体的侵害。因此，它们已经进化出一种基于复杂而有效的防御机制的先天免疫系统，这些机制要么是组成型的，要么是诱导型的。植物防御反应是由激发子（如微生物相关分子模式（MAMPs））触发的。这些成分被模式识别受体（PRRs）识别，PRRs 包括植物细胞膜受体。识别后，PRRs 触发模式触发免疫（PTI）。乙烯诱导木聚糖酶（EIX）是一种来自植物生长促进真菌（PGPF）的真菌 MAMP 蛋白。它在烟草（）和番茄（）中引发植物防御反应，使其成为植物免疫研究的极好工具。木聚糖酶（如 EIX）是作用于半纤维素中木聚糖的水解酶。木聚糖酶有两种类型：内切 1,4-β-木聚糖酶，它在木聚糖结构内水解；β-D-木糖苷酶，它水解木聚糖链的末端。木聚糖酶主要由真菌和细菌合成。丝状真菌大量合成木聚糖酶并在液体培养物中分泌，使它们成为木聚糖酶纯化的理想系统。在这里，我们描述了一种使用小麦麸皮作为生长基质从 生产具有成本效益和产量效益的木聚糖酶的方法。该方法生产的木聚糖酶具有木聚糖酶活性和免疫原性，能有效诱导过敏反应、乙烯生物合成和 ROS 爆发。
