全球人类膳食钾摄入量趋势（1961-2017 年）。
Global Trends (1961-2017) in Human Dietary Potassium Supplies.
机构信息
Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK.
Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 19;13(4):1369. doi: 10.3390/nu13041369.
BACKGROUND
Potassium (K) is an essential mineral and major intracellular electrolyte involved in the regulation of blood pressure, muscle contraction and nerve transmission in humans. Major dietary sources of K include fruits and vegetables, starchy roots and tubers, and whole grains. The aim of this study was to assess and report: (i) the sufficiency of K in national food systems globally, (ii) to quantify the contribution from food groups, and (iii) to explore spatial and temporal trends in the period of 1961-2017.
METHODS
Food supply and demography (1961-2017), K composition and K requirement data were combined to estimate per capita human dietary supplies of potassium (DSK), adequate intake of K (AIK) and K sufficiency ratio (KSR) at national, regional, continental and global levels.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Globally, the mean ± SD. DSK (mg capita d) increased from 2984 ± 915 in 1961 to 3796 ± 1161 in 2017. There was a wide range in DSK between geographical regions and across years, with particularly large increases in east Asia, where DSK increased from <3000 to >5000 mg capita day. Roots and tubers contributed the largest dietary source of K, providing up to 80% of DSK in most regions. At the global level, throughout the 57-year period, the population-weighted KSR was <1 based on the 2006 Institute of Medicine AIK recommendation, while it was >1 based on the 2019 National Academies of Science and the 2016 European Union AIK recommendation. While KSR ≥ 1 shows sufficiency of DSK, KSR < 1 does not indicate K deficiency risk.
CONCLUSION
Due to the absence of a Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for K, this study used the ratio of DSK:AIK (i.e., KSR) to assess dietary K sufficiency. Estimates of dietary K sufficiency are, therefore, highly sensitive to the AIK reference value used and this varied greatly based on different institutions and years. To quantify the risk of dietary K deficiency, bridging the data gap to establish an RDA for K should be a global research priority.
背景
钾（K）是一种必需的矿物质和主要的细胞内电解质，参与人类血压的调节、肌肉收缩和神经传递。K 的主要膳食来源包括水果和蔬菜、淀粉根和块茎以及全谷物。本研究的目的是评估和报告：（i）全球各国食物系统中 K 的充足性，（ii）定量分析食物组的贡献，（iii）探索 1961-2017 年期间的时空趋势。
方法
将食物供应和人口统计数据（1961-2017 年）、K 组成和 K 需求量数据相结合，估算各国、各地区、各大洲和全球的人均膳食钾供应（DSK）、K 的适宜摄入量（AIK）和 K 充足率（KSR）。
结果与讨论
全球范围内，平均 ± SD. DSK（mg 人 d）从 1961 年的 2984 ± 915 增加到 2017 年的 3796 ± 1161。地理区域之间和各年份之间的 DSK 差异很大，东亚地区的增幅尤其大，那里的 DSK 从<3000 增加到>5000mg 人 d。根和块茎是 K 的最大膳食来源，为大多数地区提供了高达 80%的 DSK。在全球范围内，在整个 57 年期间，根据 2006 年美国医学研究所 AIK 推荐，加权人口 KSR<1，而根据 2019 年美国国家科学院和 2016 年欧盟 AIK 推荐，KSR>1。虽然 KSR≥1 表明 DSK 充足，但 KSR<1 并不表明存在 K 缺乏风险。
结论
由于缺乏 K 的推荐日摄入量（RDA），本研究使用 DSK:AIK 的比值（即 KSR）来评估膳食 K 的充足性。膳食 K 充足性的估计值对 AIK 参考值非常敏感，而不同机构和年份的 AIK 参考值差异很大。为了量化膳食 K 缺乏的风险，建立 K 的 RDA 以填补数据空白应成为全球研究的重点。
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