Cardoso Claudia L, King Ailbhe, Chapwanya Aspinas, Esposito Giulia
Ruminant Health and Production, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Farm Road, 42123 Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 22;11(5):1212. doi: 10.3390/ani11051212.
Calf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterine life starts early during embryonic development. Therefore, successful calf rearing strategies are underpinned by adequate maternal nutrition during gestation, and good colostrum management. A deeper understanding of these interactions paves the way for developing strategies to improve immune responses to environmental pathogens, optimal growth and timely attainment of puberty in calves. The literature reviewed here shows that there are opportunities to enhance the future performance of cattle paying attention to the interaction of nutrition and immunity at each developmental stage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give the reader an overview of interactions between immunity, growth and puberty in dairy calves and highlight how these influence future performances.
犊牛的免疫力、生长和青春期是影响小母牛生产性能的重要因素。犊牛出生后的前四周对于降低发病率和死亡率至关重要。已有充分文献证明，初乳对新生儿营养和被动免疫至关重要，然而，对子宫外生活的适应在胚胎发育早期就已开始。因此，成功的犊牛饲养策略以妊娠期充足的母体营养和良好的初乳管理为基础。对这些相互作用的更深入理解为制定策略以改善犊牛对环境病原体的免疫反应、实现最佳生长和及时进入青春期铺平了道路。此处综述的文献表明，关注每个发育阶段营养与免疫的相互作用，有机会提高牛的未来生产性能。因此，本综述的目的是向读者概述奶牛犊牛免疫力、生长和青春期之间的相互作用，并强调这些因素如何影响未来生产性能。
