Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
Neuroscience Research Center, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 25;22(9):4479. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094479.
Proper functioning of all organs, including the brain, requires iron. It is present in different forms in biological fluids, and alterations in its distribution can induce oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. However, the clinical parameters normally used for monitoring iron concentration in biological fluids (i.e., serum and cerebrospinal fluid) can hardly detect the quantity of circulating iron, while indirect measurements, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, require further validation. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in brain iron metabolism, homeostasis, and iron imbalance caused by alterations detectable by standard and non-standard indicators of iron status. These indicators for iron transport, storage, and metabolism can help to understand which biomarkers can better detect iron imbalances responsible for neurodegenerative diseases.
所有器官（包括大脑）的正常运作都需要铁。它以不同的形式存在于生物体液中，其分布的改变会导致氧化应激和神经退行性变。然而，临床上通常用于监测生物体液（即血清和脑脊液）中铁浓度的参数很难检测到循环铁的量，而间接测量（如磁共振成像）则需要进一步验证。本文综述了脑铁代谢、铁平衡以及由标准和非标准铁状态指标可检测到的铁失衡的机制。这些铁转运、储存和代谢的指标有助于了解哪些生物标志物能更好地检测出导致神经退行性疾病的铁失衡。
