Faculty of Sport Science, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 11501-2060, Colombia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 25;18(9):4561. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094561.
The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers.
A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers.
Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF/HF r: -0.806, < 0.001; NN50 r: 0.937, < 0.001). Swimmers' anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, : 0.025, and high fatigue r: -0.506, : 0.032).
Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers' anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).
本研究旨在研究与训练有素的游泳运动员的有氧和无氧表现相关的心理和生理特征。
对 20 名游泳运动员的 RESTQ-76 运动问卷、心率变异性测试和无氧及有氧游泳表现数据进行了相关和逐步回归分析。
有氧表现主要与心率变异性的频域和时域中测量的副交感神经调节参数相关（LF/HF r：-0.806，<0.001；NN50 r：0.937，<0.001）。游泳运动员的无氧表现与心理特征相关（低应激 r：0.526，<0.025；高疲劳 r：-0.506，<0.032）。
游泳表现呈现出不同的心理和生理特征，具体取决于探测特征。具体而言，游泳运动员的无氧表现与心理特征（低应激和高疲劳感知）相关，而有氧表现与生理特征（高副交感神经调节）相关。这些信息可以帮助教练根据游泳运动员的比赛项目（无氧或有氧）了解需要控制的变量。
