Salonen Milla, Mikkola Salla, Hakanen Emma, Sulkama Sini, Puurunen Jenni, Lohi Hannes
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 24;11(5):1234. doi: 10.3390/ani11051234.
Dogs have distinct, consistent personalities, but the structure of dog personality is still unclear. Dog personality and unwanted behavior are often studied with behavioral questionnaires. Even though many questionnaires are reliable and valid measures of behavior, all new questionnaire tools should be extensively validated. Here, we examined the structure of personality and six unwanted behavior questionnaire sections: noise sensitivity, fearfulness, aggression, fear of surfaces and heights, separation anxiety and impulsivity/inattention with factor analyses. Personality consisted of seven factors: Insecurity, Training focus, Energy, Aggressiveness/dominance, Human sociability, Dog sociability and Perseverance. Most unwanted behavior sections included only one factor, but the impulsivity/inattention section divided into two factors (Hyperactivity/impulsivity and Inattention) and the aggression section into four factors (Barking, Stranger directed aggression, Owner directed aggression and Dog directed aggression). We also examined the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability and convergent validity of the 17 personality and unwanted behavior traits and discovered excellent reliability and validity. Finally, we investigated the discriminant validity of the personality traits, which was good. Our findings indicate that this personality and unwanted behavior questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to study personality and behavior extensively.
狗具有独特、一致的个性，但狗的个性结构仍不清楚。狗的个性和不良行为通常通过行为问卷进行研究。尽管许多问卷是行为的可靠且有效的测量工具，但所有新的问卷工具都应进行广泛验证。在此，我们通过因子分析研究了个性结构以及六个不良行为问卷部分：噪音敏感性、恐惧、攻击性、对地面和高处的恐惧、分离焦虑以及冲动/注意力不集中。个性由七个因素组成：不安全感、训练重点、活力、攻击性/支配性、与人类的社交性、与狗的社交性以及毅力。大多数不良行为部分仅包含一个因素，但冲动/注意力不集中部分分为两个因素（多动/冲动和注意力不集中），攻击性部分分为四个因素（吠叫、对陌生人的攻击性、对主人的攻击性和对狗的攻击性）。我们还检验了17种个性和不良行为特征的内部一致性、重测信度、评分者间信度和收敛效度，发现其具有出色的信度和效度。最后，我们研究了个性特征的区分效度，结果良好。我们的研究结果表明，这份个性和不良行为问卷是一个可靠且有效的工具，可广泛用于研究个性和行为。
