Liao Shengfa F
Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 13;11(4):1110. doi: 10.3390/ani11041110.
Gut health has significant implications for swine nutrient utilization and overall health. The basic gut morphology and its luminal microbiota play determinant roles for maintaining gut health and functions. Amino acids (AA), a group of essential nutrients for pigs, are not only obligatory for maintaining gut mucosal mass and integrity, but also for supporting the growth of luminal microbiota. This review summarized the up-to-date knowledge concerning the effects of dietary AA supplementation on the gut health of weanling piglets. For instance, threonine, arginine, glutamine, methionine and cysteine are beneficial to gut mucosal immunity and barrier function. Glutamine, arginine, threonine, methionine and cysteine can also assist with relieving the post-weaning stress of young piglets by improving gut immunological functions, antioxidant capacity, and/or anti-inflammatory ability. Glutamine, glutamate, glycine and cysteine can assist to reconstruct the gut structure after its damage and reverse its dysfunction. Furthermore, methionine, lysine, threonine, and glutamate play key roles in affecting bacteria growth in the lumen. Overall, the previous studies with different AA showed both similar and different effects on the gut health, but how to take advantages of all these effects for field application is not clear. It is uncertain whether these AA effects are synergetic or antagonistic. The interactions between the effects of non-nutrient feed additives and the fundamental effects of AA warrant further investigation. Considering the global push to minimize the antibiotics and ZnO usage in swine production, a primary effort at present may be made to explore the specific effects of individual AA, and then the concert effects of multiple AA, on the profile and functions of gut microbiota in young pigs.
肠道健康对猪的营养利用和整体健康具有重要意义。基本的肠道形态及其管腔微生物群在维持肠道健康和功能方面起着决定性作用。氨基酸（AA）是猪的一组必需营养素，不仅对维持肠道黏膜质量和完整性至关重要，而且对支持管腔微生物群的生长也很重要。本文综述了日粮添加氨基酸对断奶仔猪肠道健康影响的最新知识。例如，苏氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸有利于肠道黏膜免疫和屏障功能。谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸还可以通过改善肠道免疫功能、抗氧化能力和/或抗炎能力来帮助缓解仔猪断奶后的应激。谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和半胱氨酸可以在肠道受损后帮助重建肠道结构并逆转其功能障碍。此外，蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酸在影响管腔细菌生长方面起关键作用。总体而言，先前关于不同氨基酸的研究对肠道健康显示出相似和不同的影响，但如何在实际应用中利用所有这些影响尚不清楚。这些氨基酸的作用是协同还是拮抗尚不确定。非营养性饲料添加剂的作用与氨基酸的基本作用之间的相互作用值得进一步研究。考虑到全球范围内减少猪生产中抗生素和氧化锌使用的趋势，目前可能首先努力探索单个氨基酸的具体作用，然后是多种氨基酸对幼猪肠道微生物群的特征和功能的协同作用。
