Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 28;22(9):4611. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094611.
Adrenoceptor activators and blockers are widely used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. More recently, adrenergic agents have also been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate a location of sympathetic varicosities in close proximity to neuromuscular junctions. The pressing question is whether there could be any effects of endo- or exogenous catecholamines on cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. It was shown that the pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors, as well as sympathectomy, can affect both acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals and the functioning of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. In this review, we discuss the recent data regarding the effects of adrenergic drugs on neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which the clinically relevant adrenomimetics and adrenoblockers regulate quantal acetylcholine release from the presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic sensitivity may help in the design of highly effective and well-tolerated sympathomimetics for treating a number of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by synaptic defects.
肾上腺素能受体激动剂和阻滞剂在临床上被广泛用于治疗心血管和肺部疾病。最近，肾上腺素能药物也被用于治疗神经退行性疾病。最近的研究表明，交感神经末梢的位置与神经肌肉接头非常接近。迫在眉睫的问题是内源性或外源性儿茶酚胺是否会对胆碱能神经肌肉传递产生任何影响。研究表明，肾上腺素能受体的药理学刺激以及交感神经切除术可以影响运动神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱和突触后乙酰胆碱受体的功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于肾上腺素能药物对神经肌肉接头处神经传递影响的最新数据。阐明临床相关拟交感神经药和肾上腺素能阻滞剂调节从突触前神经末梢释放量子乙酰胆碱和突触后敏感性的分子机制，可能有助于设计高效且耐受性良好的拟交感神经药，用于治疗多种伴有突触缺陷的神经退行性疾病。
