Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 28;22(9):4675. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094675.
The complement system is an assembly of proteins that collectively participate in the functions of the healthy and diseased brain. The complement system plays an important role in the maintenance of uninjured (healthy) brain homeostasis, contributing to the clearance of invading pathogens and apoptotic cells, and limiting the inflammatory immune response. However, overactivation or underregulation of the entire complement cascade within the brain may lead to neuronal damage and disturbances in brain function. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the role that this cascading pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders (e.g., acute neurotraumatic insult, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disturbances) in which interruption of neuronal homeostasis triggers complement activation. Dysfunction of the complement promotes a disease-specific response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Despite recent advances, the explicit link between complement component regulation and brain disorders remains unclear. Therefore, a comprehensible understanding of such relationships at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate or slow progression of currently intractable disorders in the nervous system. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of the complement system in certain brain disorders.
补体系统是一组蛋白质的集合，共同参与健康和患病大脑的功能。补体系统在维持未受损（健康）的大脑内环境稳定方面发挥着重要作用，有助于清除入侵的病原体和凋亡细胞，并限制炎症免疫反应。然而，大脑中整个补体级联的过度激活或调节不足可能导致神经元损伤和大脑功能障碍。在过去的十年中，人们对这一级联途径在多种大脑疾病（如急性神经创伤、慢性神经退行性疾病和精神障碍）的神经病理学中的作用越来越感兴趣，其中神经元内环境稳定的中断会触发补体的激活。补体的功能障碍会促进特定疾病的反应，这种反应可能有益也可能有害。尽管最近取得了进展，但补体成分调节与大脑疾病之间的明确联系仍不清楚。因此，在疾病的不同阶段对这些关系有一个清晰的理解，可以为改善或减缓神经系统目前难以治疗的疾病的进展提供新的治疗靶点。因此，本综述的目的是总结补体系统在某些脑疾病中的新作用的文献。
