Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Apr 27;13(5):765. doi: 10.3390/v13050765.
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently causing a pandemic affecting wild and domestic swine from Western Europe to Asia. No commercial vaccines are available to prevent African swine fever (ASF), resulting in overwhelming economic losses to the swine industry. We recently developed a recombinant vaccine candidate, ASFVG-ΔI177L, by deleting the I177L gene from the genome of the highly virulent ASFV strain Georgia (ASFV-G). ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been proven safe and highly efficacious in challenge studies using parental ASFV-G. Here, we present data demonstrating that ASFV-G-ΔI177L can be administered by the oronasal (ON) route to achieve a similar efficacy to that of intramuscular (IM) administration. Animals receiving ON ASFV-G-ΔI177L were completely protected against virulent ASFV-G challenge. As previously described, similar results were obtained when ASFV-G-ΔI177L was given intramuscularly. Interestingly, viremias induced in animals inoculated oronasally were lower than those measured in IM-inoculated animals. ASFV-specific antibody responses, mediated by IgG1, IgG2 and IgM, do not differ in animals inoculated by the ON route from that had IM inoculations. Therefore, the ASFV-G-ΔI177L vaccine candidate can be administered oronasally, a critical attribute for potential vaccination of wild swine populations.
非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）目前正在引发一场大流行，从西欧到亚洲，野生和家养猪都受到了影响。目前没有可用于预防非洲猪瘟（ASF）的商业疫苗，这导致养猪业遭受了巨大的经济损失。我们最近通过从高致病性 ASFV 菌株格鲁吉亚（ASFV-G）的基因组中删除 I177L 基因，开发了一种重组疫苗候选物 ASFVVG-ΔI177L。ASFV-G-ΔI177L 在使用亲本 ASFV-G 的攻毒研究中已被证明是安全且高度有效的。在这里，我们提供的数据表明，ASFV-G-ΔI177L 可以通过鼻腔途径（ON）给药，以达到与肌肉内（IM）给药相似的功效。接受 ON ASFV-G-ΔI177L 给药的动物完全免受强毒 ASFV-G 的攻击。如前所述，当给予肌肉内 ASFV-G-ΔI177L 时，也获得了类似的结果。有趣的是，经鼻腔接种诱导的病毒血症低于肌肉内接种动物测量的病毒血症。通过 IgG1、IgG2 和 IgM 介导的 ASFV 特异性抗体反应，在经鼻腔途径接种的动物与经肌肉内接种的动物之间没有差异。因此，ASFV-G-ΔI177L 疫苗候选物可以经鼻腔给药，这是对野生猪群进行潜在疫苗接种的关键属性。
