Tsourdi Elena, Anastasilakis Athanasios D
Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Biomedicines. 2021 Apr 26;9(5):475. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9050475.
Pregnancy and lactation are characterized by sophisticated adaptations of calcium homeostasis, aiming to meet fetal, neonatal, and maternal calcium requirements. Pregnancy is primarily characterized by an enhancement of intestinal calcium absorption, whereas during lactation additional calcium is obtained through resorption from the maternal skeleton, a process which leads to bone loss but is reversible following weaning. These maternal adaptations during pregnancy and lactation may influence or confound the presentation, diagnosis, and management of parathyroid disorders such as primary hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Parathyroid diseases are uncommon in these settings but can be severe when they occur and may affect both maternal and fetal health. This review aims to delineate the changes in calcium physiology that occur with pregnancy and lactation, describe the disorders of calcium and parathyroid physiology that can occur, and outline treatment strategies for these diseases in the above settings.
怀孕和哺乳期的特点是钙稳态的复杂适应性变化，旨在满足胎儿、新生儿和母体对钙的需求。怀孕的主要特点是肠道钙吸收增强，而在哺乳期，额外的钙通过母体骨骼的再吸收获得，这一过程会导致骨质流失，但在断奶后是可逆的。怀孕和哺乳期母体的这些适应性变化可能会影响或混淆甲状旁腺疾病（如原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进或甲状旁腺功能减退）的表现、诊断和管理。甲状旁腺疾病在这些情况下并不常见，但一旦发生可能很严重，并且可能影响母婴健康。本综述旨在阐述怀孕和哺乳期发生的钙生理学变化，描述可能出现的钙和甲状旁腺生理学紊乱，并概述上述情况下这些疾病的治疗策略。
